Chap. J V. CHARMING VALLEYS — APACHES. 489 
on their summits, surround a large plain, now horizontal, 
now sloping gently, or precipitously, in long straight lines. 
In flat trough -like basins of this tract rise the numerous 
springs which may be traced for many miles by the green 
colour of the grass, the reeds and rushes. Altogether this 
district occupies at least a hundred English square miles, 
but by means of artesian wells, which promise here quite 
as certain a success as in the valley of San Jose in Cali- 
fornia, it may be extended to three or four times its size ; 
and at the same time the mass of water in the river may 
be tripled or quadrupled. According to the provisions of 
the Gadsden Treaty, the frontier between Mexico and the 
United States passes through the upper part of the valley 
in which the sources lie ; numerous settlements will soon be 
formed on both sides of the frontier. The neighbouring 
mountains, as in nearly all this part of the country, are rich 
in minerals, especially copper-ore ; and, as wood and water- 
power are sufficiently abundant, advantageous prospects are 
opening on this privileged country. The valley of the 
river further down excites the admiration of all who have 
seen it. In short everything combines to attract hither, ere 
long, a numerous and active population. 
In passing through the valley, we saw at the distance of 
about a mile and a half, on a height, two Indians, who 
approached us slowly. When within about half a mile, 
they hoisted a white flag : we did the same. They came 
nearer : one of our party rode on to meet them, and a con- 
versation commenced. Gradually twenty to thirty persons 
joined the group ; they were Apaches, whose physiognomy 
differed much from that of others of the same tribe I had 
seen before, whilst it at the same time exhibited a marked 
character, and- a great uniformity of the national type. 
Here was no trace of those flat mongrel forms which I 
