FRUIT AND ORNAMENTAL NURSERY STOCK 
“Of overproduction, it is my opinion there is as little danger today as there was seventeen years ago, when 
I was told that the trees I was then planting would never pay. The right man in the right location, with 
the right varieties on the right soil, and a lot of other Tights’ may be as sure of success in the Apple busi¬ 
ness of today as we were twenty years ago.” 
J. A. Cohill, Manager of Tonoloway Orchard Company, Hancock, Maryland, a successful, practical 
fruit-grower, says in “Pennsylvania Farmer” “Were we to sell our eight hundred acres of Apple trees today, 
tomorrow would likely find us planting more Apple trees on our other farms. The Apple-crop will increase 
in the future,—that we may consider almost a certainty,—but isn’t the population of the country also 
increasing in leaps and bounds? By teaching the public through systematic advertising the value of Apples 
as a commodity, the two hundred different ways of preparing them, and giving them the quality, the con¬ 
sumption will increase rapidly.” 
WHAT VARIETIES OF APPLES SHALL I PLANT? 
The success of an Apple variety always is comparative. This is, it succeeds best under some certain 
conditions of soil and climate, and elsewhere it does not do so well. The thing is to know what each sort 
requires to do its best. You don’t want a variety that will yield a net return of only 80 per cent of what 
the best one yields. You want 95 or 100 per cent. 
Apple varieties succeed best under conditions the same as those under which they originated. Thus, 
if a variety originated near sea-level in Massachusetts, it will demand those conditions of climate and soil 
if it is to produce the most profitable crops through all the years. This same variety may succeed under 
other conditions, but in different degrees; thus in Pennsylvania it may do 90 per cent as well, and in 
Kentucky 50 per cent as well. 
Observers have noted that every seventy miles north or south is equal in change of climate to 500 feet 
change in elevation. That is, an orchard located seventy miles north of you, would have to be 500 feet 
lower to have the same climate. If a tree that originated at sea-level in Massachusetts could be located 
in similar soil in the mountains of North Carolina, at an elevation of 3,500 to 4,000 feet, it would thrive 
almost as well, because North Carolina is about 500 miles south of Massachusetts. 
Other things which modify the requirements of Apples are large bodies of water and valleys. These 
influences “create” the sections that seem to be 
specially adapted to fruit-growing, such as the west¬ 
ern New York fruit section, Hood River Valley in 
Oregon, the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, etc. 
In these well-developed sections there seldom is 
need of advice about varieties, because that subject 
has been thoroughly threshed out by experience. 
For sections where fruit is not planted and grown 
so extensively, our suggestions are put in the form 
of the following table: 
Baldwin, the great money-making Apple of the northern 
orchards. The fruit keeps late in prime condition (See page 17) 
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