5 
GENERAL CATALOGUE 
Treatment of Trees that have been Frozen in the Packages or Received during Frosty 
Weather.—Place the packages, unopened, in a cellar or some such place, cool, but free from frost, 
until perfectly thawed, when they can be unpacked, and either planted or placed in a trench until con¬ 
venient to plant. Treated thus, they will not be injured by the freezing. Trees procured in the fall for 
spring planting, should be laid in trenches in a slanting position to avoid the winds; the situation 
should always be sheltered and the soil dry. A mulching on the roots and a few evergreen boughs over 
the tops will afford good protection. 
DISTANCE BETWEEN TREES OR PLANTS IN PLANTATIONS 
Standard Apples, 30 to 40 feet apart each way. In poor soil, 25 feet may be enough. 
Standard Pears and Cherries, 20 feet apart each way. Cherries will do at 18 feet, and the dwarf 
growing sorts, Dukes and Morellos, even at 16 feet. 
Standard Plums, Peaches, Apricots, and Nectarines, 16 to 18 feet apart each way. 
Quinces, 10 to 12 feet apart each way. 
Dwarf Pears, Cherries and Plums, 10 to 1-2 feet apart each way. The greater distance is better where 
land is not scarce. 
Dwarf Apples, on Paradise stock (bushes), 6 feet apart. 
Currants, Gooseberries, and Raspberries, 3 to 4 feet apart. 
Blackberries, 6 to 7 feet apart. 
Grapes, 8 to 10 feet apart. 
Strawberries (see under Strawberries). 
NUMBER OF TREES OR PLANTS ON AN ACRE AT VARIOUS DISTANCES 
200 
135 
110 
70 
50 
The number of plants required for an acre, at any given distance apart, may be ascertained by 
dividing the number of square feet in an acre (43,560) by the number of square feet given to each plant, 
which is obtained by multiplying the distance between rows by the distance between the plants. Thus, 
strawberries planted three feet by one foot gives each plant three square feet, or 14,520 plants to the acre. 
At 4 reet apart each way, 
“ 5 “ ii 
“ 6 
« g « (i 
“ 10 “ “ 
“ io “ “ 
£799 
At 15 
1 T19 
“ 18 
1200 
“ 20 
680 
“ 25 
430 
“ 30 
325 
EXPERIMENTAL ORCHARD AND VINEYARD—TRIAL GROUNDS 
Our experimental orchard forms an important feature of our business. No similar attempt has been 
made in this country either by individuals or the government. We have spared neither labor nor 
expense to maintain this orchard so as to derive from it the most reliable information, and after many 
} ears experience we can testify that nothing in connection with our business has been productive of such 
satisfactory results as the important facts we have acquired from the tests in these grounds. 
It has enabled us to determine from our own observations the fruits best adapted to this country, 
and the lists of varieties now published give evidence of the careful labor performed. 
At one time our collection embraced many hundreds of varieties, but we have gradually reduced it, 
and we now have about 200 varieties of pears, 165 of apples, and 100 varieties of plums, and in our 
experimental vineyard 175 varieties of grapes. 
In the departments of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Paeonies, Roses, etc., we have similar collections 
for study and experiment. 
