Door, side one. See Di
o D
Expulsion of. [crossed out: some time] In July or August, soon after the swarming season is over
the bees expel the drones from the hive. They sometimes sting them, but more generally
gnaw the base of their wings so that they cannot regain the hive. If they are not killed in
this way they are so tormented that they can not deed and thus [inserted: they] rapidly [crossed out: gro] weaken and
perish. The bees not only destroy all the old ones, but drag out all the immature
ones from their cells. Occasionally for some reason or other, they destroy the drones early
in the Spring even before swarming has commenced. If bees are [crossed out: illegible]
greatly reduced in numbers by removing them from their accustomed stand or from any
other cause I have noticed that they almost always begin at once to destroy the drones. 
If a hive does not the expel its drones at the suitable time, it may be taken for granted
that there is something wrong in the hive. The queen is probably diseased, or dead,
and the colony should at once be supplied with a new one, or if this cannot be done
and the bees show by their want of spirit that they are without a fertile queen, the
colony should at once be taken up, before it is robbed or destroyed by the moth. In my
hives with movable bars, it is easy in a few minutes by [crossed out: removing] lifting out a
few of the central combs to ascertain whether there is [inserted: young] brood and of course a fertile queen. 
I would again urge the apiarian to beware of queenless stocks. The old fashioned beekeeper
always took up such stocks because he noticed that they were living on their stores. 
At present they are generally allowed to be moth breeders to the ruin of the whole apiary. 
Drones Keeping. In a large apiary it will be advisable to have some hives keep their
drones until late in the season [illegible]. By inserting drone comb in the very center
of a hive quite early in the spring or as soon as the queen commences breeding might not drones
be bred much earlier than usual in the apiary
Drone eggs. How to rear queen from. Na
Dowels. Better than buttons to fasten covers.