Find continually drone queen cells. Before any inmate hatches the cell opened
at the mouth, has a very wide opening, does the drone larva in such a cell
spin any cocoon like a queen? Find not the slightest difficulty in dissecting young
queens so as to find their spermathecus. When it is difficult to find a queen on the comb
shake down before a hive, put on queen includer, do it near old stock so as to get as
many as possible to fly to old stock, repeat so as to diminish number of bees, put in
one or two combs queen will soon go on one. In several instance a have had a queen whose
cell has been spared and she let out prematurely seized by the bees and carried away� They
treat it as a wounded bee, do not recognize any propriety in such a queen being out. 
(13th) 72 to 90 degrees. Showers in sight, a few drops only here. Early in AM, slight smell
of buckwheat about the hives. Notice frequently that when any food exposed bees gather
to every spot where they got any. Most of the queens reared on comb with 41 sealed queens
poorly colored, many small. A number of caged young queens, four days to six old, pipe
or teet. These reared artificially, such queens Huber thought mute, are so for a
while because bees let them hatch at will, and do not confine as in swarming hives. 
I believe that a young queen cannot pipe. Bees accept of such queens, do they refuse
them when old enough to pipe. Think that colonies should be educated to take
care of queens caged. A queenless strong colony, rearing corner queens has twice eaten out
eggs put in opposite corner. I expect that Italians change their queens much
oftener than common bees, before stocks get weak. Find it easy to get rid of
drone eggs and larvae by dashing cold water into cells flush them out. My views
as to the temper of the Italian bees at first were wrong because had most of the
stocks with some impure bees. A number of successes in giving quite young queens to
colonies just deprived of fertile mother, or having them caged. (14th) Very dry, hot, showers
in sight. Some stocks smell strongly of buckwheat. (15th) 91 degrees. Dry, many beautiful queens
have hatched in my [illegible] queen nurseries, [illegible] lost thus far now by cutting out. 
Robbers not only fly in a peculiar manner but make a peculiar sound in flying which puts
a colony on the alert to expel them. Plan to preserve young queens till a place can be
found for them. In caging just hatched queens and putting on frames find that many
are neglected by bees and die. Find also that when not agitated and older their
cages are well covered by bees. At first they cannot pipe and probably cannot cry
so as to call attention from the bees. Think they do not pipe till 2nd day at least. 
Put them with a few bees in an express box, and keep them there two days, then
cage them and probably the bees will feed nearly all of them. Set out ten frame
box put in nine for another young queen and repeat, etc. (10th) Hot, heavy showers
all around us. A slight sprinkle only here. Have tried the plan of caging
queens after putting in express box, and think it will answer, eureka. 
If later in the season I have more pure queens than I can find places for send them
to some one with an apiary not Italianized, make a bargain with for them. 
The queens from pure mothers take generally a lighter color than they would have had