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Light. I have just found out May 21st 1851 that
bees can be made to work just as well
with a full exposure to light as in the
dark. I have removed the doors shutters
from my double Observatory and find that
in a short time they do not mind the
light. 
I have had two observing hives here in full operation during the summer of 1851. The bees were
exposed to the full light of day. They worked with great diligence in the main hive and
in tumblers and did not appear to be at all molested by the extraordinary amount of
light to which they were exposed. All the operations of the hive were constantly exposed to full
view and the Queen exhibited not the least shyness but might be seen at almost all
hours of the day laying her eggs surrounded by her affectionate children. 
June 9th 1852 numerous experiments show me that great care must be taken in putting
a swarm into an [illegible] hive and exposing them to full light, in many
instances, they have abandoned the hive, even when their Queen was mistress. 
Queens reared in full light do not seem to mind it at all. 
March 11th 1868 winter lining Doctor Hamlin and others fasten a board to the
of outside of hives. sides of hive against legs and side ledges to form an
air space to be filled in in winter with shavings, etc. A good plan. 
Same idea might be (was used I believe by a doctor in Reading Massachusetts) adapted for the frost
care would be needed not to have these fillings get wet.