Mailing bees. See Qu11
Mater Regia This is a common and very fatal calamity. 
Queenlessness. If it Occurs when there are drones in the apiary
it may be remedied. If at any other time the hives should
at once be broken up. Unless it is a very good one and it is judged better
to take give it the Queen of a weak colony. Hives are very apt to lose
their Queens in swarming time, especially those which contain young Queens
Which must leave the hive for fecundation. The apiarian should keep an
eye on all such hives until he is satisfied that the young Queen has commenced
breeding. Hives without a Queen soon fall a prey to the moth and often endanger
a whole apiary by the legions of moths bred in them. Hives with bars enable
the apiarian easily to ascertain whether a fertile Queen is present. 
Age of Queen. It seems to be well established that after the second or at
most the third year, Queens fail greatly in breeding. As a general rule, every
colony should have its Queen removed and its place supplied with another
a young one, every third year. Dzierzon thinks that the Queen generally
perishes in her 4th year. If so as many non swarming hives prosper for a much
longer time she must usually perish when the bees are able to supply her loss. 
Queenlessness. When the bees first discover the loss of their Queen, they are greatly
agitated. They usually fly out from the hive as though they were intending to swarm
and rush in and out of the hive in platoons, and many of them enter the adjoining
hives. When a hive is idle when they are busy, especially when it is [illegible] to be
carrying in no bee bread, the Queen is probably lost. Queenlessness is annually the cause
of the loss of many colonies where decay is often attributed to the moth or some other cause.