ventilation for human beings. see p. 150
v a
ventilation. if these have only a very small entrance they are able by the rapid
fanning of their wings to keep the air of their hives pure. in very hot weather a large number
may be seen stationed in front of the entrance engaged in this laborious occupation. 
much valuable time is the very height of the gathering season is thus lost to the colony. 
if the entrance is too large, danger from moth, robbers, too much air in raw weather,
often kills the brood. ventilation ought to be furnished independently of the entrance, and should be
under the perfect control of the apiarian, [crossed out: the a] who should watch his bees in the spring and
until the weather becomes settled warm just as the gardner watches his hotbeds. when they
need more ventilation, they will show it by the increase of ventilators at the entrance, so long as
few are none are fanning there no more air needed. he who cannot or will not take the
trouble in the spring to open and shut the ventilators according to circumstances had better
make no use of them at all, but manage in the old fashioned way, give the bees small
entrances and then entrust the whole matter to them. it will be seen from my remarks
that i am opposed to recommending improved systems of management to those who are too
negligent to make any improvements. nothing is more injurious to bees than a close [illegible]
heat, such as is caused by the sun beating down upon their hives, with little or no
ventilation, the bees are often compelled to leave such hives from the danger of suffocating or
of having their combs melt. they will stand the severest heat of the hottest climates if
they are not exposed to the direct rays of the sun. confined garrets are poor places for these lovers of fresh
air. 
February 9th 1860 
ventilation of make bottom board leave some of the holes 
hive in it open, in very hot weather or spaces, between the
boxes, open. 
ventilator. stop for. the lower back ventilator should be
February 9th 1860. beveled to an edge so as to go in easy, and
to regulate admission of air. the thin edge goes
in first, 2 nails to as handles, the back of it,
ab, the side that goes on, ab, the thin edge. 
see opposite page. a piece of tin or zinc goes shows way to pass bees, shows way to 
shut them in. by such an arrangement complete control of entrance got with next to no
trouble or expense. blacks may or may not be used. am much pleased with this theoretically. 



