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ventilation. let the bottom board be set up on an open box, without top or
bottom. this may be set up on stones, bricks etc. and then [illegible] up all around with
earth or [illegible] etc. the air of the hive in winter maybe [illegible] up from this and be warm,
in summer it will be cool. in spring it should not be allowed to enter much. 
the ventilators are made under the covered entrances, near its outside
edge, where there covers can be easily reached, they are covered
with gauze wire, and then zinc, or perforated zinc or tin, which may be covered
over when ventilator is not desired. this enables the bees to regulate the ventilation
and avoid the ends of other plans, the entrance may be contracted or shut up and
yet the bees will have air. this places the bees in such a situate that they are not too
hot in warm weather, nor liable to lose their brood from sudden chills. 
November 5th 1852. the gauze wire which covers the ventilating holes may
be slid in, so that at any time it may be easily removed,
the holes ought to be thus. in this case gauze wire
may be dispensed with. if a gutter is made as in figure a will keep
water from running in. if hives are made to hold more combs, the
ventilators coming at the ends will keep them cool if dividers separate
them from the rest of the hive. 
April 7 1860 
rear ventilator. let the bottom board of the hive project to the
rear about one inch laying back of the hive, this will give
a good place for bees to alight, with other advantages, the
ends may also project about as much as the ledge on the rear
side. 
October 28th 1865 
ventilator and entrance regulator. let there be a front ventilator, hung blind fashion on a pivot
on the same principle as the rear cob ventilator. it might have a central
entrance cut 3 x 3/8 inches. let there be 4 strips of wood 2 inches wide with depressions cut light like steps
1/2 inch long, first step 1/8 inch scant thick, 2nd step 5/32 inches, 3rd step 6/32 inches strong, 4th step 1/4 inch
to confine the bees yet give them air, shut down front and back ventilators on 1st step
to confine queen and exclude stray queens, shut down on 2nd strip. to include
or exclude drones, shut down on 3rd step. to give free passage shut down on 4th 
step. to give freest ventilation, stand these entrance regulators on end and shut down
ventilators on them. have two holes in them to hang them up when not in use against brads or pins
on side of portico. at a hive a ledge too draw them out if gummed by bees, they might be cast from iron,
and galvanized period to regulate the entrance in front ventilator, have a slot cut in it, into which
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