8 
ELLWANGER & BARRY'S 
perfectly thawed, when they can be unpacked, and either planted or placed in a trench until convenient to 
plant. Treated thus, they will not be injured by the freezing. Trees procured in the fall for spring planting, 
should be laid in trenches in a slanting position to avoid the winds; the situation should always be sheltered 
and the soil dry. A mulching on the roots and a few evergreen boughs over the tops will afford good 
protection. » 
DISTANCE BETWEEN TREES OR PLANTS IN PLANTATIONS. 
Standard Apples, 30 to 40 feet apart each way. In poor soil, 25 feet may be enough. 
Standard Pears and Cherries, 20 feet apart each way. Cherries will do at 18 feet, and the dwarf 
growing sorts, Dukes and Morellos, even at 16 feet. 
Standard Plums, Peaches, Apricots, and Nectarines, 16 to 18 feet apart each way. 
Quinces, 10 to 12 feet apart each way. 
Dwarf or Pyramidal Pears, Cherries, and Plums, 10 to 12 feet apart each way. The greater distance 
is better where land is not scarce. 
Dwarf Apples, on Paradise stock (bushes), 6 feet apart. 
Currants, Gooseberries, and Raspberries, 3 to 4 feet apart. 
Blackberries, 6 to 7 feet apart. 
Grapes, 8 to 10 feet apart. 
Strawberries (see under Strawberries). 
NUMBER OF TREES OR PLANTS ON AN ACRE AT VARIOUS DISTANCES. 
At 4 
feet apart 
each way,. . . . 
. . . . 2729 
At 
L 5 
feet apart 
each way, . . . 
. . . 200 
“ 5 
a 
. ... 1742 
a 
18 
a 
<( 
• • • 1 35 
“ 6 
a 
a 
a 
20 
a 
a 
“ 8 
{( 
u 
. . . . 680 
u 
2 5 
ti 
a 
. . . . 70 
“ 10 
a 
« 
. . . . 43 ° 
a 
30 
a 
a 
... 5° 
“ j 2 
<( 
(< 
. . . . 325 
The number of plants required for an acre, at any given distance apart, may be ascertained by dividing 
the number of square feet in an acre (43,560) by the number of square feet given to each plant, which is 
obtained by multiplying the distance between raivs by the distance between the plants. Thus, strawberries 
planted three feet by one foot gives each plant three square feet, or 14,520 plants to the acre. 
HOW TO PREPARE FRUIT TREES FOR PLANTING. 
Illustrations showing how they should be pruned before planting. In each case an example is given of an unpruned and pruned 
tree. No. i. Standard, with stem or trunk three to four feet clear of branches. Standard Apples, Pears, Cherries, and Plums have 
usually this form. No. 2. Peach Tree. No. 3 Dwarf Pear. The usual appearance of trees, two to three years from bud, pre¬ 
pared for training in pyramidal form. No. 4. Quince Tree. 
TERMS USED IN DESCRIBING THE HABIT OF GROWTH. 
Referring to young trees of two to four years' gro 7 vt/i. 
Vigorous. —Being those varieties of strong, rapid growth. Free. — Varieties which rank next to the above in growth. 
Moderate. —Varieties which make a fa’r growth, some being slender growers, others slow growers. 
