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HINTS ON TRANSPLANTING, ETC —Continued 
. If trees are tall and much exposed to winds, a stake should be planted with the tree, to which it 
Staking ghoupj j-> e tied j n SU ch a manner as to avoid chafing. A piece of matting or cloth may be put 
between the tree and the stake. 
... When the tree is planted throw around it as far as the roots extend, and a foot beyond, five or 
Mulching gix deep of rough manure or litter. This is particularly necessary in dry ground, and is 
highly advantageous everywhere both in spring and fall planting. It prevents the ground from baking or 
cracking, and maintains an even temperature about the roots. 
. , r it The grass should not be allowed to grow around young trees after being planted, as it 
Alter - G ultur e gtunts their growth. The ground should be kept clean and loose around them until, at 
least, they are bearing size. 
Q . In regard to this all important subject we would recommend our patrons to communicate with 
Spraying the Experiment Station in the state in which they live and get definite instructions about 
spraying for their particular locality, in bulletins published for the purpose. 
Treatment of Trees that have been Frozen in the Packages or Received during Frosty 
'Weather. Place the packages, unopened, in a cellar or some such place, cool, but free from frost, until 
perfectly thawed, when they can be unpacked, and either planted or placed in a trench until convenient to 
plant. Treated thus, they will not be injured by the freezing. Trees procured in the fall for spring plant¬ 
ing, should be laid in trenches in a slanting position to avoid the winds; the situation should always be 
sheltered and the soil dry. A mulching on the roots and a few evergreen boughs over the tops will afford 
good protection. 
DISTANCE BETWEEN TREES OR PLANTS IN PLANTATIONS 
Standard Apples, 30 to 40 feet apart each way. In poor soil, 25 feet may be enough. 
Standard Pears and Cherries, 20 feet apart each way. Cherries will do at 18 feet, and the dwarf growing 
sorts, Dukes and Morellos, even at 16 feet. 
Standard Plums, Peaches, and Apricots, 16 to 18 feet apart each way. 
Quinces, 10 to 12 feet apart each way. 
Dwarf Pears, 10 to 12 feet apart each way. The greater distance is better where land is not scarce. 
Dwarf Apples, on Paradise stock (bushes), 6 feet apart. 
Currants, Gooseberries, and Raspberries, 3 to 4 feet apart. 
Blackberries, 6 to 7 feet apart. 
Grapes, 8 to 10 feet apart. 
Strawberries (see under Strawberries). 
NUMBER OF TREES OR PLANTS ON AN ACRE AT VARIOUS DISTANCES 
At 4 feet apart each way, 
“ 5 
. 2729 
.1742 
At 15 feet apart each way, 
“ 18 “ 
.200 
.135 
“ 6 
44 
44 
.1200 
“ 20 
44 
44 
.110 
“ 8 
4 4 
44 
..... 680 
“ 25 
44 
44 
. 70 
“ 10 
44 
44 
.430 
“ 30 
44 
4 4 
. 50 
“ 12 
44 
44 
.325 
The number of plants required for an acre, at any given distance apart, may be ascertained by dividing 
the number of square feet in an acre (43,560) by the number of square feet given to each plant, which is 
obtained by multiplying the distance between rows by the distance between the plants. Thus, strawberries 
planted three feet by one foot gives each plant three square feet, or 14,520 plants to the acre. 
EXPERIMENTAL ORCHARD AND VINEYARD—TRIAL GROUNDS 
Our experimental orchard forms an important feature of our business. No similar attempt has been 
made in this country either by individuals or the government. We have spared neither labor nor expense 
to maintain this orchard so as to derive from it the most reliable information, and after many years experi¬ 
ence we can testify that nothing in connection with our business has been productive of such satisfactory 
results as the important facts we have acquired from the tests in these grounds. 
It has enabled, us to determine from our own observations the fruits best adapted to this country, and 
the lists of varieties now published give evidence of the careful labor performed. 
At one time our collection embraced many hundreds of varieties, but we have gradually reduced it, and 
we now have about 200 varieties of pears, 165 of apples, and 100 varieties of plums, and in our experimental 
vineyard 175 varieties of grapes. . . 
In the departments of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, Paeonies, Roses, etc., we have similar collections loi 
study and experiment. 
7 
