COMPLETE METAMORPHOSIS 
27 
grasshopper to be identified as belonging to the grasshopper 
family. Its form does not change materially from the time 
it is hatched until it is full sized. Thus the grasshoppers 
become adult by a growing process termed incomplete meta¬ 
morphosis, showing no marked change in form (Figure 11). 
13. Complete Metamorphosis. — Certain other insects, 
for example the codling moth, hatch into caterpillars from 
the eggs that the female lays in the apple. These caterpil¬ 
lars are known as 
larvae (lar've: Latin 
larva, mask). The 
larvae of the cod¬ 
ling moth are the 
“ worms in the ap¬ 
ple.” These larvae 
are not recognized 
from their external 
appearance as young 
codling moths, yet 
that is what they 
are. 
As the larva eats 
a great deal, it 
grows rapidly, molt¬ 
ing again and again 
until it becomes a full-grown caterpillar. It then eats its 
way out of the apple and finds a protected spot often 
under the loose bark where it weaves the silken cover¬ 
ing, the cocoon (ko-kon'), about itself. In this cocoon 
it molts again. After this molt it has neither legs nor 
mouth parts and is known as a pupa. The pupa cannot eat, 
of course, but it continues to breathe. After varying lengths 
of time it molts again and the adult codling moth comes 
forth to fly and feed and prepare for another generation. 
Some larvae that emerge from the late apples spin cocoons 
Figure 13. — “The Worm in the Apple,” a 
Codling Moth Larva. 
What effect does it have on the apple ? 
