OTHER TERMS USED IN DESCRIBING FLOWERS 205 
stamens, and they never open. The sepals protect them, the 
parts are so arranged that none of the pollen is wasted, and 
the number of seeds produced is even larger than in an ordi¬ 
nary flower. Violets make use of this kind of flower after 
the others have finished blooming. 
Figure 189. — Violet Plant with Cleistogamous Flowers. 
SUGGESTIONS FOR DEMONSTRATION BY TEACHER 
Direct the observations of pupils in studying the flowers of a dande¬ 
lion. Note old (mature) flowers on the outer part of the head, and 
young (immature) flowers in the inner part. Note the notches at the 
end of the long corolla. What does this indicate? Note the number 
of filaments, and the anthers united in a ring, opening on the inside. 
Call attention to the fact that the anthers mature before the pistil does. 
