LUMBER 
363 
it has the disadvantage that in removing large trees, smaller 
ones are likely to be maimed or mutilated. Much depends 
upon the locality and the kinds of trees planted as to which 
kind of cutting is better. In both of these methods the 
forester is of great service. 
308. Lumbering. — This includes, primarily, cutting the 
trees, and getting them to the sawmill. Great waste has been 
characteristic of unscientific lumbering. This waste assumed 
two forms, injuring young trees in felling mature ones, and 
making use only of the most valuable part of the trees 
felled. The latter practice not only wastes much wood, that 
might be used in many ways, but it is also a menace to neigh¬ 
boring forests to have the dead, dry tops and limbs lying 
about to afford fuel for fire. When lumbering is done scien¬ 
tifically, injured young trees are pruned and treated so that 
they may not become diseased by the entrance of spores of 
wood-destroying fungi, and all parts of the trees felled are 
either made use of, or the less valuable are piled and burned 
under conditions which do not menace the safety of the re¬ 
maining trees and which leave a clean floor, one of the best 
possible protections against forest fires. 
309. Lumber. — Lumber includes all the forms of wood 
secured by sawing the trunk of a tree lengthwise. The log 
"is first squared by taking a slab, that is, the bark and the 
rounding part of the trunk beneath it from each side of 
the trunk. This is then sawed lengthwise, the shape and 
size of the sections determining the name as well as the 
uses to which the various pieces are put. So we have 
beams, planks, joists, lath, boards, etc. 
Lumber as it comes from the saw is termed rough lumber, 
being used chiefly for parts of buildings that are to be 
covered. Dressed lumber is prepared by smoothing the 
surface of rough lumber. The kind of tools used and the 
degree of smoothness produced depend on the use to be made 
of the lumber. 
