Jan. 2, 1909.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
3 ^ 
pionship. Regulation .3ScaI. revolvers were used, all 
shooting at 20yds. The scores: 
P Whitworth . 83 93—176 
Sheridan Ferree . 85 82—167 
L H Reichelderfer. 79 84—163 
M B Atkinson. 76 82—158 
F Holt . 75 82—157 
L Clausel . 76 79—155 
P BischolT . 76 76—152 
J C Bunn. 76 71—147 
W J Macdonnall... 71 65—136 
A Mellen . 71 65—136—1547 
Baltimore Revolver Association.1563 
F. J. Kahrs, Sec’y. 
Providence (R. I.) Revolver Club. 
Providence, R. I.—Saturday, Dec. 19, we shot the 
first of a series of three matches with the Lynn Rifle 
and Gun Association, of Lynn, Mass., and were made 
to doff our caps to the tune of 1939 to 1850. The Lynn 
Club showed up strong and trimmed us by a good wide 
margin. Some of our boys fell down woefully, but as¬ 
surances from their more fortunate fellow members that 
concoctions known as “dope,” Hudson cleaner, 3 in 1, 
etc., had powerful influence in the making of good 
scores when taken internally, has served to whet their 
ambition, and they are now feasting on a steady diet 
of the above in the fond hope of being up with the 
leaders in the next match. 
Mr. B. W. Percival, of the Lynn Club, was high 
man, shooting a 273 with his revolver. His 94 target is 
the best revolver target ever sent in to us in a match 
shoot. With six 10s and three 9s, the one 7 seemed to 
hang away from the black in a shame-faced manner, 
quite in touch with its lonesome appearance. 
We congratulate the Lynn Club on their good show¬ 
ing, and hope that they will improve in the next 
match, which we have every expectation of winning. 
The match called for teams of eight men, 30 shots per 
man, at 20yds. Revolvers and pistols were used, the 
pistols being handicapped 2 points per string. Scores 
were as follows: 
Lynn Rifle and Gun Association. 
B W Percival . 
K D Jewett. 
W M Campbell. 
C E Morse. 
G E Williamson. 
J H H Burbank. 
C H Topping. 
F H Bowm^. 
Less pistol handicap 
94 90 89—273 
86 78 86—250 
86 77 87—250 
83 80 79—242 
79 79 80—238 
80 77 81—238 
78 79 80—237 
73 81 81—235—1963 
. 24 
Providence Revolver Club. 
W H Freeman. 87 86 
E C Parkhurst . 90 83 
G E Joslin . 75 88 
H C Miller. 80 79 
R Donaghy . 79 74 
W B Gardiner. 77 83 
W H Brow. 81 78 
W H Willard. 51 64 
Less pistol handicaps 
1939 
85-258 
80—253 
80—243 
82—241 
75—228 
68—228 
66—225 
77-192—1868 
. 18 
Lynn Club wins by 89 points. 
1850 
Taunton Mass., Rifle Club. 
The last shoot of the season was held on Christmas, 
Dec. 25. While the weather was ideal, scores were low. 
Shaw had trouble with his right eye, and tried to shoot 
left-handed. Harrington’s 42 and Howes’ 41 were the 
features of the day. 
Two hundred yards: 
Harrington . 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 4 4—42 
544465444 3—42 
H owes . 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4—41 
344444434 3—37 
Duffy . 433543434 4—37 
333444544 3—37 
Brown . 4 3 4 4 3 4 3 4 4 4—37 
534343343 4—36 
Morris . 2 2 3 4 3 2 3 4 4 4—31 
324242433 0—27 
Gifford . 430403233 4—26 
Strange . 3 2 4 0 0 0 2 0 3 3—17 
Shaw . 2 2 0 0 3 0 4 0 0 5—16 
The first half of the Taunton Indoor Rifle League 
matches was completed in the week ending Dec. 19. 
The second half will open on Jan. 5. 
Each team’ has met every other team in the League 
once, and the Belmont Rifle Club has defeated every 
team in the League and leads the standing with a clean 
slate as far as being defeated is concerned. The sum¬ 
mary follows, the total points shot by each team and 
the average per match being added to the table giving 
the standing: 
Belmont . 
Won. 
... 9 
Lost. 
0 
Per 
Cent. 
1.000 
Total 
Points. 
2007 
Av. per 
Match. 
223 
Ninth Co. 
.... 7 
2 
.777 
1946 
216 2-9 
S W V . 
.... 7 
2 
.777 
1978 
219 7-9 
Whiltenton ... 
.... 5 
4 
.555 
1924 
213 6-9 
T R & G. 
.... 5 
4 
.555 
1952 
216 6-9 
T R C . 
... 4 
5 
.445 
1922 
213 6-9 
Wampecho ... 
.... 3 
6 
.333 
1925 
213 8-9 
Y. M. C. A..., 
.... 2 
7 
.223 
1880 
208 8-9 
Highland . 
... 2 
7 
.223 
1858 
206 6-9 
Ahtanum . 
.... 1 
8 
.112 
1804 
200 4-9 
Highest single string. Thresher (Belmonts), 50. High¬ 
est team total, Belmonts, 228. 
Sf. Louis Revolver Club. 
Scores made Monday evening. 
Dec. 
21: 
Dr M R Moore. 
. 86 
84 
85 
76 
83—414 
Chas Dominic . 
. 84 
78 
88 
81 
76—407 
Paul Frese . 
. 78 
70 
84 
75 
W L Schrader. 
. 79 
74 
72 
75 
86—386 
Chas M Barnard. 
. 80 
74 
W C Ayer. 
. 68 
77 
83 
77 
69—374 
C C Crossman. 
. 74 
84 
88 
89 
90—425 
Dr A E Everett. 
. 67 
88 
77 
82 
86—400 
Geo W Ojeman. 
. 72 
W H Spencer. 
. 66 
52 
64 
62 
W E Patrick . 
. 80 
T E Bunding. 
. 80 
73 
L Schenck . 
. 52 
69 
N anhatfan Rifle and Revolver Association. 
New York, Dec. 24.—At 2628 Broadway, scores were 
made to-day as follows: 
Revolver, 20yds.: M. Hays 87, 84; B. F. Wilder 85; H. 
Alexander 88; Dr. R. H. Sayre 88; Dr. C. Philips 87, 87, 
86, 86; G. Grenzer 93, 84; J. E. Silliman 86, 84, 83. 
Jos. E. Silliman, Treas. 
PUBLISHERS’ DEPARTMENT. 
Messrs.^ J. M. Thorburn & Co., who have been in the 
seed business in New York city for one hundred and 
seven years, now offer to their customers their one 
hundred and eighth successive annual catalogue. Messrs. 
Thorburn & Co. have made a reputation for having good 
seeds. _ Most country dwellers have had the experience 
of paying out good money for bad seeds, which do not 
sprout, and will therefore appreciate the Thorburn repu¬ 
tation. A catalogue will be mailed free by addressing 
J. M. Thorburn & Co., Box K, 33 Barclay street. New 
York city. 
“When the days begin to lengthen, the cold begins to 
strengthen,” and with early January, we may expect to 
see Florida travel begin in earnest. Of the different 
ways of getting to Florida, the Clyde Line, the only 
direct all water route between New York, Charleston, 
S. C., and Jacksonville, Florida, is the most attractive. 
It takes longer, to be sure, but think of the joy to the 
hurried, care-worn Northerner of resting on shipboard 
as the vessel sails southward ’neath tropic skies. Per¬ 
sons contemplating going to Florida may learn about this 
line by communicating with the Clyde .Line, Pier 36, 
North River, New York. 
SOME FAMOUS “COLD SNAPS.” 
There is abundant evidence that the earth is 
becoming warmer rather than colder. In ad¬ 
dition to the strictly scientific proof in support 
of that view, the record of severe cold winters 
in the past centuries coitipared with the present 
also lends support to that contention. The 
record discloses some curious freaks on the part 
of Old Boreas, beginning with the fifth century 
of the Christian era and extending down to the 
present day. 
The Black Sea was completely covered with 
ice for a period of twenty days in 401. 
The Danube River was frozen over so that an 
army crossed it on the ice in the year 462. 
There was a frost in Constantinople which 
lasted from October to February in 463. 
The Black Sea and the Dardanelles again 
were frozen over in 768. 
The Danube, the Elbe, and the Seine were 
frozen hard enough to bear up a heavy wagon 
traffic over them for a month in the winter of 
822. 
The A.driatic Sea was frozen in 860. 
There was a snowstorm in Europe in 874, 
which lasted from the beginning of November 
to the end of March. 
Nearly all the vines in Europe were killed by 
frost in 891 and 893. On midsummer’s day, 
1033, in England, there was a frost so severe 
that it destroyed fruits. 
The River Po in Italy was frozen from 
Cremona to the sea in 1133. Wine casks were 
burst and trees split by the action of the frost. 
Loaded wagons crossed the Adriatic Sea on 
the ice from the mainland to Venice in 1234. 
The Danube River was frozen to the bottom 
in 12,36 and remained so frozen for a long time. 
The Cattegat was frozen from Norway to 
Jutland in 1261. 
The Rhine was frozen over and loaded wagons 
crossed it on the ice in 1292. Travelers also 
crossed from Norway to Jutland on the ice the 
same year. 
All the rivers of Italy were frozen over dur¬ 
ing the winter of 1344. It was so cold in Den¬ 
mark that the wolves could not stay there in 
1403 and they crossed to Jutland on the ice. 
Snow fell in Europe for forty days in 1434. 
The wine froze in Flanders in 1468 and the 
soldiers to whom it was distributed had to cut 
it in pieces with hatchets. 
The River Scheldt was frozen over sufficiently 
hard for three months in 1565 to bear the traffic 
of loaded wagons. 
All the rivers of Europe were frozen over and 
the Venetian fleet was frozen up in the lagoons 
of the Adriatic at Venice in 1621 and 1622. 
The winter of 1658 was a hard one in Europe. 
Charles X., of Sweden, crossed on the ice the 
Little Belt, the strait between Funen and the 
peninsula of Jutland, with his whole army—foot, 
horse, baggage, and artillery. The rivers in 
Italy bore heavy carriages. 
There was a coating of ice sixty-one inches 
thick on the Thames, in England, in 1664, and 
in 1684 the ice was again thick enough on the 
Thames to support coaches which were driven 
across it. 
The winters of 1691 and 1693 were so severe 
in Austria that the wolves entered Vienna and 
attacked men and beasts in the streets. 
The winter of 1709 is called by distinction 
“the cold winter.” All the rivers and lakes of 
Europe were frozen over, and so was the sea 
for several miles from the shore. In England 
the ground was frozen nine feet deep. Birds 
and beasts died in the fields, and men perished 
by thousands in their houses. In the south of 
France the olive trees were killed, and wine 
plantations destroyed. The Adriatic Sea was 
frozen, and even the Mediterranean about 
Genoa. The citron and orange groves suffered 
in Italy. 
Fairs were held on the ice on the river 
Thames in the winter of 1716, and travelers 
crossed on the ice from Copenhagen to Sweden. 
Multitudes of cattle and sheep were buried 
in the snow in Scotland in the winter of 1726. 
In January, 1737 , the ground was frozen to a 
depth of four feet in New England. 
The winter of 1740 was scarcely less cold 
than that of 1709. An ox was barbecued on 
the ice on the Thames, and the snow lay ten feet 
deep in Spain and Portugal. The Zuyder Zee 
was frozen over, and thousands of persons 
crossed on it. The lakes of England were also 
frozen. That winter an “ice palace” was built 
at St. Petersburg, after an elegant model, and 
in the just proportions of Augustinian architec¬ 
ture. This seems to have been the first of the 
“ice palaces.” Snow fell to a depth of twenty- 
three feet on the level in Portugal in the winter 
of 1744, while in New England it was a summer- 
winter. 
The winters of 1754 and 1755 were so severe 
in England that the strongest ale exposed to 
the air for a few minutes in a glass was frozen 
over with a coat of ice an eighth of an inch 
thick. The river Elbe was frozen to the bottom 
in 1771. 
The Danube was covered with ice five feet 
thick below Vienna in 1776. Vast numbers of 
birds and fishes perished, and in Holland and 
France wine froze in the cellars. 
December 25, 1796, is recorded as the coldest 
day ever known in London, when the thermo¬ 
meter registered 16 degrees below zero. 
The mercury froze hard at Moscow, January 
12, 1800. From 1800 to 1812 the winters were 
remarkably cold, particularly the latter in 
Russia, which surpassed in intensity that of any 
winter in that country for many preceding years, 
and caused the destruction of the French army 
in its retreat from Moscow. What with the lost 
in battle, and the effects of this calamitous frost, 
France lost in the campaign of this year more 
than four hundred thousand men. 
January ii, 1848, was known as “Cold Tues¬ 
day.” because in some parts of New England 
the thermometer registered 39 degrees below 
zero. 
The winter of 1858 was very mild in the United 
States, but particularly severe in Europe. For 
the first time in the nineteenth century, the 
River Po was frozen over at Ferrara, permit¬ 
ting for a long time the constant passage of 
man and beast. At Constantinople the snow fell 
constantly for fifteen days. The snow extended 
to Smyrna, the adjacent districts of Asia Minor, 
and the Greek islands were clothed in white. 
Siberia has the coldest weather known any- 
