354 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[FeI!. 27, 1909. 
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THE TROUT AS A COLONIST. 
The International Fishery Congress, which 
recently held its fourth periodical meeting at 
Washington, heard papers upon, among other 
subjects, the acclimatization of game fish in 
various countries. Pisciculture, it is hardly 
necessary to observe, is one of the oldest in¬ 
dustries in the world. In what country and 
under what civilization the work was first be¬ 
gun we do not know, says The Asian, but 
it is. we believe, acknowledged that the oldest 
authentic records are those of the Chinaman 
Tao Chu Kung, who lived in the fifth century 
B. C. This pioneer—let us call him a pioneer 
since his forerunners, if he had anj% are un¬ 
known—appears to have devoted his attentions 
to the carp, a most suitable fish for his pur¬ 
pose inasmuch as it possesses remarkable vi- 
talit}', and ability to live long out of water; 
a faculty which it cannot be doubted was fre¬ 
quently taxed by the pioneer carp-farmer, who 
took close interest in the work he had on 
hand. Tao Chu is said to have begun opera¬ 
tions by digging a pond of about an acre in 
extent, in which he thoughtfully left a number 
of islands round which his fish might swim, 
thus enjoying a- false sense of liberty. In this 
pond he placed a number of full-grown hen 
carp as brood fish, and four cocks. We can 
follow the proceedings so far in simple faith, 
but when the chronicler proceeds to inform us 
that the breeding stock was enlarged in March, 
and that twelve months later there were 5,000 
fish one foot long, 10,000 two feet long, 15,000 
three feet long, we feel reluctantly compelled 
to close our notice of Tao Chu’s experiment as 
history. Oriental hyperbole, we fear, played 
havoc with that fish pond, and if Tao Chu felt 
able to accept the census returns supplied him, 
we can only conclude that his credulity was 
larger than his knowledge of fish-life. 
Fish ponds or stews were a prominent feature 
of social economy in Roman Catholic Europe 
from very early times, and the importance at¬ 
tached to these standing supplies of food 
naturally led to the expert study of pond fish 
and their reproduction; it also led to the 
transfer of fish from one country to another. 
It was thus that the carp, for example, reached 
England: Leonard Mascall, in his book on 
angling, published in 1590, with more candor 
than most early authors, says he does not know 
much about the fish as it “hath not long been 
in this realm.” The carp, easy of transport as 
it is, thanks to the peculiarity before noticed, 
and growing to a large size, was just the species 
to commend itself to such an experiment in 
days when means of transporting live fresh¬ 
water fish were primitive. Once established— 
in Suffolk ponds it is believed—the fish was 
rapidly distributed all over England. Artificial 
propagation of fish by “stripping” the ova and 
milt and mingling them appears to have been 
first practiced in Germany about the middle of 
the eighteenth century, but it would seem that 
if this method were properly understood then 
it was not generally adopted, or was regarded 
merely as a curious experiment and ignored by 
pisciculturists. It was certainly jeered at in 
England as the height of absurdity. Mr. Buist 
began fish-breeding at Stormonfield. Perth¬ 
shire, in 1853, and being well versed in the 
mysteries of piscine domesticities, he was highly 
successful. The artificial propagation of fish is 
a development of our own time, and its success 
was the foundation of successful acclimatization. 
.'\nd as Britishers are the first colonizing race, 
and the most resolute sportsmen in the world, 
it was natural that British colonial waters 
should have been the first scenes of experiment 
in this direction. The spread of trout of dif¬ 
ferent species of varieties during the last twenty 
or thirty years has been very extraordinary. 
Trout have been established in the streams of 
Kashmir, the Nielgheries and Ceylon, and of 
New Zealand. Salmon have been established 
in Tasmania and in America It seems curious 
that European salmon should have been trans¬ 
lated at no small cost to a continent whose 
eastern rivers contain salmon in incredible 
When writing say you saw the ad. in “Forest and Stream.” 
