80 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 11 
In the southern half of the state generally speaking, both early and 
late cabbage are grown while only late cabbage is grown in the northern 
sections. The early cabbage usually matures without much injury 
from the cabbage worm, but the late cabbage is often seriously in¬ 
jured and as many as 35 per cent to 40 per cent of the heads may be 
made unfit for market. In very severe cases entire fields are wiped 
out. In the northern half of the state the late cabbage sometimes 
matures in good condition without a single application of spray while 
at other times the losses are very serious. 
In the experiments carried on at Madison during the past year the 
following insecticides were used: Paris green, lead arsenate (powder 
and paste), zinc arsenite, calcium arsenate (powder and paste), tobacco 
dust and finishing lime. When applied in the liquid form the sprays 
were applied at the rate of one pound of the powder or two pounds of 
the paste to fifty gallons of water. The following materials were used 
as “spreaders” or “stickers”: common yellow laundry soap (resin) at 
the rate of one or two pounds to fifty gallons of spray; molasses at the 
rate of one or two quarts; and molasses and lime at the rate of two 
quarts of molasses and three pounds of lime to each fifty gallons of 
spray used. When applied as a dust spray, the materials weie diluted 
from three to ten times by weight with lime. 
The results of the experiments showed that Paris green (this was 
used only in liquid form), lead arsenate and calcium arsenate gave en¬ 
tirely satisfactory control, while, contrary to expectations, zinc ar¬ 
senite failed to give control in any of the four plats to which it was 
applied. In fact some of the plats sprayed with zinc arsenite were 
practically as severely injured as the unsprayed check plat. In com¬ 
paring the liquid sprays with the dust sprays, results showed that the 
liquid sprays gave slightly better control than the dust sprays due to 
the fact that the latter were more easily washed off by the heavy dews 
and rains. Tobacco dust and lime seemed to have practically no effect 
upon the cabbage worms. 
Common laundry soap used with the liquid sprays at the rate of one 
pound or more to fifty gallons gave far better results than where either 
molasses alone or molasses and lime were used, due to the more even 
distribution of the poison in the case of the former. 
From one to two applications of spray are generally used to combat 
the cabbage worm. Ordinarily one application made a week or ten 
days after the butterflies appear in large numbers in July and another 
in August will give satisfactory control. 
In order to determine whether or not there is any danger of poison¬ 
ing to the consumer from the use of arsenicals, one head from each of 
six sprayed plats and one head from the check plat were analyzed by 
