February, ’18] SASSCER: IMPORTED FOREIGN PESTS 127 
by the Five Principal European Countries Exporting Plants to the United States 
1915 
1916 
1917 
Nursery Stock 
Seed Pounds 
Nursery Stock 
Seed Pounds 
Nursery Stock 
Seed Pound 
1,114,089 
3,914,901 
41,604,161 
177,994 
6,539,416 
40,053| 
821J 
6 
1,065,864 
2,872,745 
38,202,978 
20 
5,625 
30,210 
82 
812,101 
3,108,143 
25,757,912 
5 
54,820 
9,562,421 
13,915,087 
introduction and establishment of this coccid into the States would 
be a misfortune, since in China it is apparently a serious pest, having 
been collected in large numbers on crab-apple, Hibiscus, Zizyphus, 
and Thuja orientalis. Chestnut trees from Japan exhibited galls 
made by and containing living larvse of a species of Agrilus, and azaleas 
from Belgium and Holland were infested with the azalea leaf miner 
(Gracilaria zachrysa Meyrick). 
Plants of tropical or subtropical origin have also brought in a num¬ 
ber of insects, which, if allowed to become established, would seri¬ 
ously handicap some of the new industries, which in recent years have 
given so much promise. The mango weevil ( Sternochetus mangiferce 
Fab.), one of the most injurious mango insects in tropical countries, 
was collected in seed from India, and Coccus mangiferce (Green) arrived 
on the same host from Cuba. Several shipments of Guatemalan 
avocado seed have shown infestation with a species of Stenoma and 
also what appears to be an undescribed species of Conotrachelus. Both 
of these insects make deep ramifying tunnels in the seed and are no 
doubt fully as destructive as the avocado weevil. Avocado cuttings 
from the same country were infested with the following coccids: Aspid- 
iotus subsimilis Ckll., Aspidiotus sp. (near cocotiphagus ), Chrysom- 
phalus scutiformis (Ckll.), C. personatus (Comst.), Pseudopaviatoria 
ostreata Ckll., Lepidosaphes mimosarum (Ckll.), Diaspis sp., Ceroplastes 
sp., Solenococcus sp., Lecanium sp., and Coccus sp. Judging from the 
amount of sooty mould on the cuttings at the time of arrival, it is 
evident that the Coccus secretes honeydew copiously and doubtless 
represents a very undesirable introduction. 
The fig scale, Lepidosaphes ficus (Sign.), was intercepted on fig trees 
from Spain. This fig pest of Europe was introduced into California 
about seven years ago and is now thoroughly established, being dis¬ 
tributed over a tract of some one hundred acres. The papaya fruit- 
fly ( Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerst.) was taken in fruit of the papaya 
from Cuba; cocoanuts from Ceylon were infested with Phenacaspis 
eugenice (Mask.); bamboo from Japan was infested with Antonina 
crawii Ckll., and the sugar-cane mealybug ( Pseudococcus sacchari 
Ckll.) was received on sugar-cane from Jamaica, Trinidad, and Hawaii. 
