136 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 11 
(Papers read by title) 
STUDIES ON THE LIFE-HISTORY OF TWO KANSAS 
SCARABiEIDjE (COLEOP.) 1 2 
By Wm. P. Hayes, Assistant Entomologist, Kansas State Agricultural 
Experiment Station 
Introduction 
The study of the two species under consideration, Cyclocephala 
villosa Burm. and Anomala binotata GylL, is a continuation of the 
life-history investigations of Kansas white grubs. The synonymical 
status of Cyclocephala villosa Burm. is in question because of its simi¬ 
larity to Cyclocephala immaculata Oliv. In a large series of specimens, 
intermediate forms show a gradation from one species to the other. 
Horn (1871, p. 337) separated C. villosa from the synonymy of Mel- 
olontha angularis Knoch where it had been previously placed. If C. 
immaculata and C. villosa are found to be synonymous, immaculata 
should take precedence because of priority. However, the writer 
chooses to call the species villosa 2 on the authority of Swenk (1911, 
p. 285) who states that villosa is the most abundant species in Nebraska, 
an adjoining state. 
With Anomala binotata Gyll., three species, unifasciata Say, mar- 
ginella Lee., and luteipennis Lee., have been united by Horn (1884, 
p. 164), the latter being a variety with the elytra not as rough, more 
shiny and without the usual spots. 
Cyclocephala villosa Burm. 
General Considerations. —The genus Cyclocephala contains some 
of our common and most injurious white grubs. Forbes (1891b, 
p. 40) reports the grubs of C. immaculata infesting grass-land, corn on 
sod, roots of corn, and young oats. Titus (1905, p. 14) found them 
at the roots of grass and sugar-cane stubble, and Riley (1870, p. 307) 
recorded them in strawberry beds. Davis (1916, p. 264) states: 
u Cyclocephala immaculata is frequently found in compost heaps and 
in cultivated fields, and may obtain its full growth on decaying matter 
alone or may become a serious field pest, damaging crops similar to 
those attacked by Lachnosterna grubs.” Under the name C. villosa , 
1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory, Kansas State Agricultural Col¬ 
lege, No. 31. This paper embodies the results of some of the investigations under¬ 
taken by the author in the prosecution of project No. 100 of the Kansas Agricultural 
Experiment Station. 
2 Specimens sent to J. J. Davis were determined as Cyclocephala villosa Burm. 
