February, ’18] 
HAYES: CYCLOCEPHALA AND ANOMALA 
137 
Swenk (1913, pp. 86-87) reports the larvae doing severe damage to 
winter wheat in Nebraska. He says: “The same condition was com¬ 
mon in many fields in the southeastern part of the country, namely, 
that the plants had commenced dying about the first of September 
and in the next month had died out completely or at least had only a 
scattered sickly stand remaining. The soil in these fields was fairly 
alive with the Cyclocephala larvae. Over fifty were turned out in a 
space less than two feet square and not all of them were secured.” 
The writer has taken the grubs in corn, wheat, and oat fields, in grass 
of lawns, and sod of orchard and pasture land. Meager accounts are 
found in the literature of the life-history of C. immaculata. The fol¬ 
lowing observations on C. villosa were made in Kansas during the past 
two seasons: 
The Egg. —The eggs are pearly white and nearly round, being 
slightly longer than wide. When freshly laid, they are about 1.2 mm. 
wide and 1.7 mm. long. They continue to increase in size as devel¬ 
opment proceeds, but gradually lose thsir oval shape until a nearly 
round form is assumed, at which time they are about 2.1 mm. in diame¬ 
ter. An average measurement of thirty eggs, chosen at random from 
eggs of various stages of growth, was found to be 1.7 mm. wide and 
1.95 mm. long. Eggs are laid in the ground, generally in small clumps 
of soil. The exact number of eggs laid by an individual female has 
not been definitely determined. Three females, mated in rearing 
cages, afterwards laid 21, 16, and 10 eggs apiece. In each case, these 
females had been collected at lights and may have mated and laid 
eggs previously. Table I shows the number and time of egg laying 
by these individuals, and the interval between mating and oviposition. 
Table I —Oviposition Record 
No. 
Date 
Mated 
Number of Eggs Laid 
Number of Days 
between 
Mating and 
Oviposition 
July 18 
July 21 
July 24 
July 29 
Aug. 3 
Aug. 5 
Total 
1 
July 5 
6 
4 
10 
16 
2 
July 12 
. . 
8 . 
3 
5 
16 
9 
3 
July 12 
3 
2 
4 
io 
2 
21 
6 
In life-history cages, egg laying by females collected at lights began, 
in 1916, on July 3, and, in 1917, on July 11. In each instance, the 
period of oviposition extended over 31 and 44 days, respectively. Indi¬ 
viduals becoming adults after July 20, 1917, began to lay eggs August 
1, 1917. Table II shows the variation in the length of the egg stage 
for the two seasons. 
The Larva. —Previous to hatching, the body segments and the 
brown mandibles of the young larva can be discerned through the 
