February, ’18] 
HAYES: CYCLOCEPHALA AND ANOMALA 
141 
(1913, p. 106) found the beetles in strawberries being shipped into 
New York, and Swenk (1913, p. 87) mentions the insect as a minor 
wheat pest in Nebraska where he found them in large swarms alight¬ 
ing on wheat and trees and shrubs of all kinds. 
The Egg. —The eggs of this species are pearly white and have a 
distinct shining luster. They are slightly longer than wide, being 
somewhat oval in appearance. When freshly laid, they are about 
1.6 mm. long and 1.2 mm. wide. As development progresses, the 
eggs increase in size until they attain an average size of about 2.5 mm. 
long and 2.0 mm. wide. Oviposition occurs during the early part of 
June, the eggs being laid in the soil. A number of eggs found in life- 
history cages on June 15, but which had been laid some few days pre¬ 
vious, hatched from 7 to 11 days later. Shortly before hatching, the 
brown tips of the mandibles and faint outlines of the body of the em¬ 
bryo larva can be seen through the egg shell. 
The Larva. —The young larvse upon hatching are about 2.5 mm. 
long and are entirely white except for the tips of the mandibles which 
are brown. When full-grown, they are about 20 mm. long and 7 
mm. wide at the thorax. They taper toward the posterior end and 
are creamy white with a pale yellow, finely reticulated head. The 
spiracles are likewise pale yellow in color. The posterior ventral seg¬ 
ment bears a triangular patch of short hairs with a centrally located 
longitudinal double row of prostrate spines. Dorsally, this particular 
segment bears longer and much finer hairs. The other dorsal seg¬ 
ments are covered with short, brownish, bristle-like hairs interspersed 
with finer and longer hairs. Concerning these grubs Davis (1916, p. 
266) writes: “The grubs of Anomala, Listochelus, and Phytalis are 
very close to those of Lachnosterna and we are at present unable to 
satisfactorily distinguish between grubs of these four genera except 
by direct comparison, but no doubt substantial characters will be 
found when we have obtained a sufficient number of grubs of the first 
three mentioned genera.” The first larvae hatched on June 22. The 
length of the larval stage, inclusive of the semi-pupal stage, was found 
to average 83 days, with a minimum of 80 days and a maximum of 86 
days. 
When near pupation the grubs shed their meconium and appear to 
become shorter and broader. This is the initiation of the so-called 
prepupal stage. Faint traces of black waste matter are still to be 
see in the alimentary tract. The posterior abdominal segment appears 
much depressed and greatly wrinkled. This condition is likewise 
found to a lesser degree in the penultimate segment. The prepupa 
lies coiled on its back and when disturbed wriggles about on its side, 
alternately straightening and coiling the body. The length of the 
prepupal stage varies from 6 to 10 days with an average of 7 days. 
