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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 11 
Grubs were reared from the egg to prepupa in common salve boxes 
by feeding them germinating grains of wheat, the roots of which appar¬ 
ently offered sufficient sustenance. Larvae were collected abundantly 
in oat land and doubtlessly fed upon the roots of oats. They were 
also found in wheat and corn fields but not in such large numbers. 
The Pupa. —The transformation from the larva to the pupa leaves 
the newly formed individual, as a rule, within the old larval moult 
from which it has just emerged. At first it is creamy white but soon 
changes to a dark yellow until just before the end of the period the 
head, thorax, wings, legs, and last abdominal segments assume a still 
darker hue. The pupae are from 14 to 16 mm. long and from 6 to 7 
mm. wide. Movement results from raising and lowering the abdo¬ 
men. They are easily distinguished from the pupae of Lachnosterna 
by the absence of the long protuberances at the tip of the abdomen 
and their much smaller size. In life-history cages, pupae were collected 
as early as August 24, but the majority of the individuals were found 
soon after September 1 and continued to be present throughout the 
entire month. Pupae collected in the fields during the month of Sep¬ 
tember served as a check on the cage observations. The average 
length of the pupal stage for 126 individuals was 16 days, with a mini¬ 
mum of 13 days and a maximum of 22 days. 
The Adult. —Horn (1884, p. 158) describes Anomala binotata as 
follows: 
“Form moderately robust, piceous; thorax dark bronze, shining; elytra yellowish 
testaceous, the suture and margin narrowly bordered, and usually on each side two 
piceous spots. Head rather densely punctured. Clypeus scarcely broader at base, 
the margin narrowly reflexed. Thorax narrowed in front; sides arcuate, disc convex, 
sparingly punctured, toward the sides more densely and with a larger foveate punc¬ 
ture. Scutellum bronzed. Elytra, with striae, of coarse punctures, somewhat con¬ 
fused in the sutural region, three of the intervals very slightly more elevated. Pygid- 
ium rather densely rugulose, and with short hairs. Body beneath coarsely, not 
densely punctured, pectus, coxal plates and sides of abdomen hairy. Length .40-.44 
inch; 10-11 mm. 
“The claw joint of the anterior tarsi is distinctly toothed beneath. The anterior 
claw is flexed at base, the tip cleft, the upper portion quite slender, and a little shorter 
than the lower. The anterior claw of the middle tarsus is cleft at tip, the two por¬ 
tions nearly equal.” 
The adults of this species are notably injurious to the blossoms and 
foliage of fruit-producing plants. They fly by day, often at dusk and 
infrequently at night, being attracted to lights. They begin to mature 
by September 6 but remain in their pupal cells until the following 
spring. According to Hart (1911, p. 73) mating occurs on the surface 
of the soil where the females attract the males, after which the females 
enter vertical burrows in the soil presumably to deposit eggs. Males 
can be distinguished from the females by the antennal club which is 
