166 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 11 
we found nothing so uniformly satisfactory as the substance known as 
“Tanglefoot.” 
The moth and the worms which hatched below the bands were 
captured on their way up. Those which ascended prior to the band¬ 
ing were captured on their way down. Just how fully we have suc¬ 
ceeded in destroying this 1917 brood by the work of the past spring 
it is not possible to predict this early in 1918. 
The nature of the work as conducted can probably best be illus¬ 
trated from the lantern slides, which were then shown. See illustra¬ 
tion on plates I, II and III in Bulletin, Department of Entomology, 
University of Kansas, No. 11, October 1917. 
President R. A. Cooley: Do you wish to discuss this paper? 
Mr. W. H. Goodwin: I have been making some studies of the 
canker worm for probably sixteen years, mostly in Ohio and some of 
the things are interesting there. One of these is the spread of the fall 
canker worm. It occurs during the first three days after the canker 
worms hatch. They spin threads and sail away with the prevailing 
winds. They can spread considerable distances, I judge, at least a 
half mile. In some large, pld orchards, bands that were put on became 
fifteen to twenty inches wide. I estimated that twenty trees about 
thirty feet high had in the neighborhood of thirty thousand females 
in each band. In the orchard work, spraying with arsenates was 
especially effective if done during the first and second instars. If 
they got any larger, it was practically impossible to kill them. 
Secretary A. F. Burgess: I am interested in this paper from a 
different angle. I wonder if any of us have studied the behavior of 
female canker worms in connection with tree banding substances. 
On the gipsy-moth work, we find that the tree-banding material that 
we used last year was satisfactory; that is, a large percentage of the 
caterpillars did not make any very serious attempt to cross the bands. 
Of course, with the canker worm the problem is different, because the 
females attract the males, and a considerable number of these are 
bound to be caught in the sticky substance, which, of course, automat¬ 
ically would furnish a bridge for the females to go over. I think there 
is a chance for some excellent work to be done in connection with the 
behavior of the females where bands of different kinds are used. It 
may be that a repellent could be used in connection with the band 
which would keep the females from crossing. We are doing some 
work along that line in connection with gipsy-moth caterpillars. 
In the great apple growing section in Nova Scotia, they are having 
very serious trouble with canker worms. When we were making up 
