170 JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY [Vol. 11 
at Greenville, Pa., in 1915, where 6.67 per cent of the puparia were 
parasitized by it. 
Hosts 
Eupelminus saltator is a primary parasite of the Hessian fly, attack¬ 
ing externally both larval and pupal hosts inside the puparium. We 
have repeatedly demonstrated the primary nature of its attack by 
rearing it experimentally from puparia known to be free from other 
parasites. It may, however, become a secondary parasite of the fly, 
since a puparium from which an individual emerged was opened and 
found to be filled with cocoons of Polygnotus, from one of which it had 
issued. 
Lindemann mentions that he had reared this parasite from Har- 
molita hordei. Mr. Phillips has kindly furnished a list of eight species 
of Harmolita from the galls of which he has reared it. These are H. 
tritici, H. vaginicola, H. maculata, H. aibomaculata, and four new species 
of the same genus. He is certain that they have come from the galls 
of Harmolita, but is not sure whether they were primary or secondary 
there. There is little doubt, however, that this species is ordinarily 
primary, but when other parasites are abundant it can just as easily 
become secondary. 
The Adult 
This parasite belongs to the family Encyrtidse, subfamily Eupel- 
minse, and can easily be distinguished from its nearest relative among 
Hessian fly parasites, Eupelmus allynii French, by its indistinct parap- 
sidal grooves and poorly developed wings. No males are known, but 
the females are further distinguishable from those of E. allynii by their 
well exerted ovipositor. The wings are small and do not function. 
The tip of the anterior wings is bent upward at a right angle so that 
the apical portion is held in a vertical position; the posterior wings 
are shorter, very narrow, and are turned upward at the tip. While 
the adults are unable to fly, they are remarkably good leapers. 
They normally emerge through a rounded hole near the posterior 
end of the puparium. Before beginning to oviposit they rest and 
feed for a period of two to five days, this preoviposition period proba¬ 
bly averaging about three days. In cages they will feed on sugar solu¬ 
tion, and they have been observed also to puncture the host with the 
ovipositor and feed at the wound. In one case the same puparium 
was punctured several times and feeding observed to take place after 
each puncture. This puparium, after being kept in a cage for some 
weeks, was found to contain a dead fly pupa, and there is little doubt 
that the host was killed by the feeding punctures. 
When ready to oviposit the female walks back and forth over the 
