April, ’18] 
MORRILL: GRASSHOPPER BAITS 
179 
are presented in Table I. In this table where a numeral, as \ or 2, 
precedes the X a different proportion of the ingredient is indicated 
than is called for by what we may term the standard formula. This 
formula includes 25 pounds of bran, 5 lemons, 2 quarts of molasses, 
1 pound of Paris green and water to make a crumbly mixture. In the 
molasses column, therefore, 2X indicates that the molasses was used 
at the rate of 4 quarts to 25 pounds of bran and in the lemon column 
l^X indicates that the equivalent of 7J lemons to 25 pounds of bran 
was used. Five was selected as the number of lemons for the so- 
called “standard formula” inasmuch as the number usually recom¬ 
mended is either four or six and the average appeared to be the most 
suitable number for the purposes of the experiments. 
Fruits 
In Series A, finely ground lemons, oranges, tomatoes and cante- 
loupes were compared. The smallest number of hoppers was recorded 
for the lemons (47) and the highest for the canteloupe (184). The 
comparative rank of the four fruits are shown in Table II. In a test 
supplementary to Series A ground lemon and orange was exposed in 
watch glasses, five with each fruit alternating in a row. Five records 
were made of the grasshoppers found eating the fruit, the observations 
being at 15-minute intervals. Only 10 of the insects were recorded at 
the lemon while 45 were recorded at the orange. 
Table II— Comparison of Fruits and Fruit Combinations, Including the 
Data in Series A, B, C, E and F which may Properly be Considered in 
this Connection 
Fruit or Fruit 
Combination 
A 
B 
C 
E 
F 
Lemon. 
1* 
1* 
1* 
1* 
Orange. 
2 
1.16 
1* 
.9 
Canteloupe. 
4 
1.18 
1.85 
1.13 
l.is 
Tomato. 
2.3 
1.3 
1.07 
.8 
1.9 
Peach. 
1.03 
W atermelon. 
.63 
1.85 
* For the purpose of comparison the unit value is given to lemon except in Series 
C which included no lemon combinations. 
In Series B the bait combinations were used with fruits compared 
with lemons at the rate of 5-25, i. e., 5 lemons with 25 pounds of bran. 
These records including 2,101 hoppers show an apparent, though no 
doubt negligible advantage of other fruits over lemon which is again 
given a valuation of 1 in the table. 
In experiments numbers 36, 44 and 46 of Series C, orange, canteloupe 
