April, ’18] 
MORRILL: GRASSHOPPER BAITS 
183 
bran. The other (C) consisted of a mixture like B with one pound of 
canteloupe substituted for the four lemons. The standard bran- 
lemon formula was used in treating 5 acres. Formula B was used for 
treating two ten-acre sections and formula C in treating 5 acres. 
The number of grasshoppers per square yard varied considerably in 
the different sections but in the area treated with each kind of the 
poisoned mash there were from two to three acres where the insects 
varied from 15 to 50 per square yard. Four days after making the 
application it was estimated by Mr. Fisk that from 80 to 85 per cent 
of the hoppers were dead throughout the field. The results from the 
use of baits made with the bran-sawdust mixtures were estimated to 
have been fully as good as those from the standard bran-lemon formula. 
In southern Arizona during the season when the differential grass¬ 
hopper is most destructive, canteloupe is usually available as a sub¬ 
stitute for the lemons. Overripe or cull canteloupes which can be ob¬ 
tained without cost as a rule are as good as any. Sawdust sells for 
ten cents a sack of about 35 pounds. The substitution of canteloupe 
for the lemons and of sawdust for half of the bran in the standard 
formula reduces the cost of the bait 20 per cent. If field tests con¬ 
firm the results of the observations reported in this paper in regard to 
the value of molasses in bait used against the adult differential grass¬ 
hopper, the elimination of molasses will reduce the cost of the bait 
an additional 17 per cent. 
The bran available in Arizona contains a large proportion of fine 
material and the use of a third to a half sawdust gives a mixture which 
is much easier to distribute in the field. Even though the sawdust 
decreases the attractiveness of the mixture this disadvantage evidently 
would be offset by its better distribution. 
Distance Poisoned Grasshoppers Travel 
In testing poisoned baits it is sometimes important to know how far 
grasshoppers may travel after eating a fatal dose of the poison. 
In Series G, poisoned baits were applied in an alfalfa field to 5 plots 
30 yards square. The plots were located in a row alternating with 
plots of equal size which were not poisoned. It was believed that by 
counting the dead hoppers in a square 5 yards on a side located cen¬ 
trally in each of the poisoned plots the effectiveness of the baits could 
be determined. This method proved a complete failure and con¬ 
sequently a second count was made within a square plot 10 yards 
on a side. In the 5 plots the smaller squares (5x5 yards) averaged 
23 dead hoppers or an average of a little less than one per square yard. 
Contrary to expectations the space between the inner squares and the 
boundaries of the* larger squares (10 x 10 yards) averaged 1.3 dead 
