224 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 11 
Wickham, H. F. 1890. Remarks on Some Western Tenebrionidse. Ent. Amer., 
6: 83-88. 
1899. Eleodes in Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 7: 59-60. 
Williston, S. W. 1884. Protective Secretions of Species of Eleodes. Psyche, 
4:168-169. 
SEASONAL IRREGULARITIES OF THE CODLING MOTH 
By Leroy Childs, Entomologist and Plant Pathologist, Hood River Branch, 
Oregon Experiment Station 
This paper includes a brief resume of the observations that have been 
made relative to the behavior of the codling moth at Hood River, 
Oregon, during the years 1914, 1915, 1916 and 1917. The work has 
been conducted for its applicable value chiefly, in order that the local 
orchardists might be supplied with first hand information on the sea¬ 
sonal progression of this insect’s activities, which would enable them 
to more intelligently and satisfactorily apply their lead sprays. Not 
being a major project, the investigation lacks many details that would 
more clearly demonstrate the very wide seasonal variations in the life- 
history of this apple insect from one year to another. 
The two most important points that have been brought out in this 
study are, first, the very decided variation in the emergence of the 
broods from one season to another and its necessary influence on the 
timing and applying of sprays in order that control may be entirely 
successful. Secondly, the investigations indicate that sweeping 
recommendations given out often in the form of spray bulletins from 
a central or distant station are far from meeting the requirements in 
codling moth control in the different apple growing sections of the 
Pacific Northwest where vast ranges of conditions are found at rela¬ 
tively short distances. These ranges, due probably to temperatures, 
varying on account of altitudinal, coastal and interior influences, are 
such as to warrant seasonal studies of the insect in the different sections 
in order that a comprehensive knowledge of the insect’s activities be 
available for the use of orchardists in their control measures. Until 
such stations of study are maintained we can expect a great deal of 
trouble from the codling moth in the Northwest. The variation in the 
life-history of the moth, which influences the timing of sprays, has been 
found to be of more importance in the control of the second generation 
of worms than the first brood, as in the case of the latter, conditions 
which retard vegetative growth usually directly influence insect activity 
with a result the standard spring applications—usually a combination 
insecticide and fungicide—can generally be effectively applied by fol¬ 
lowing a prearranged spraying program. 
