456 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 11 
V 
oviposition have not been observed, but the larva when it first appears 
lives on the outer and upper surface of leaves in a little silken tent-like 
web, but it soon displays a strong tendency toward what is termed 
“inside feeding/’ in perforating and devouring buds and seed capsules 
and the interior of stems which may be available. During summer it 
feeds and grows apace until toward the end of August. It then 
crawls into whatever stems are convenient for the purpose and forms 
its winter retreat. From one to three or four larvae sometimes enter a 
single stem; one is the usual number, although two are frequently 
found. In stems like those of raspberry the larva makes a burrow 
wide enough so that it can turn about if necessary, and measuring from 
an inch and a half to two inches. Both ends are frequently found 
plugged with small masses of pith, and when more than a single larva 
inhabits a stem their burrows are separated by a considerable mass. 
A small amount of silk is used in the construction of these hibernating; 
chambers, and a little is usually to be found at either end. The 
writer has not seen in raspberry canes anything approaching a true 
cocoon, but it constructs them in other plants. Some of the hymen- 
opterous parasites form a distinct cocoon. 
The observed food plants are Lotus ( Nelumbo lutea), Polygonum, 
Apocynum and Eupatorium. 
Natural Enemies 
Panzeria penitalis Coq. Less than half of the larvae collected by 
the writer in the stems of raspberry were reared to the imago, the 
remainder being parasitized, chiefly by the tachina fly mentioned, 
which issued June 3 to 20, Washington, D. C. 
Zemelucha ( Porizon ) facialis Cr. This ichneumonid parasite reared 
with the above June 3. 
Three other tachina flies are recorded as parasites of this insect. 1 
They are Exorista vulgaris Fall., Hypostena variabilis Coq., and 
Phorocera comslocki Will. 2 
Braccn xanthostigmus Cr. was reared at St. Louis, Mo., September 
15, 1875. 3 This has also been reared on more than one occasion from 
blackberry canes, including some that were infested by Agrilus rufi~ 
collis . 4 
Mention is made in the article by Mr. C. A. Hart 5 of a braconid 
1 Technical Series No. 7, of this Bureau, p. 27. 
2 The first and last of these three tachinids were mentioned by Prof. C. H. T. 
Townsend (Psyche, Yol. VI, June, 1893) as having been reared from this pyralid by 
Dr. S. A. Forbes, Champaign, Ill. 
3 Insect Life, Yol. II, p. 349. 
4 L. c., Vol. IV, p. 257. 
5 L. c., p. 181. 
