December, ’18] weiss and nicolay: calophya nigripennis 
467 
In rearing thousands of specimens of A. frater cuius from all sorts of 
fruit hosts, only a very small number of parasites have thus far been 
encountered and these were all a certain Ichneumonid as yet unde¬ 
termined. It has been reported that other parasites attack A. frater- 
culus in Brazil, but the writer has no authoritative information as to 
how effective a check they really are. Doubtless some of the para¬ 
sites of Ceratitis capitata could be used to good advantage against our 
South American fruit-fly, but the opportunity for giving them a trial 
has not yet presented itself. 
Artificial Control 
As is often the case with other species of fruit-flies, artificial control 
of any kind has not yet proven very successful against A. frater cuius. 
Such measures have been recommended as the destruction of infested 
fruit, the capture and destruction of adult flies, poisoned sprays, etc., 
but conditions here, as elsewhere, prevent such measures from being 
effective. People in general are too careless or indifferent to the clean 
cultural measures recommended and very little can be done at general 
control until every individual is willing to shoulder his portion of the 
responsibility. Poisoned sprays give some promise of being useful 
under certain conditions and will be given a more extensive trial during 
the coming year. 
THE LIFE HISTORY AND EARLY STAGES OF CALOPHYA 
NIGRIPENNIS RILEY 
By Harry B. Weiss and Alan S. Nicolay, New Brunswick , N. J . 
According to E. A. Schwarz in his paper “ Notes on North American 
Psyllidse” (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., Vol. VI, p. 234) the development of 
this species was carefully studied by Mr. Theo. Pergande many years 
ago and some fine drawings illustrating the various stages were made by 
Dr. Marx. However the manuscript and some of the drawings could 
not be found after the death of Dr. C. V. Riley. The drawings, of the 
first and second larval stages, which accompany this paper were copied 
from those by Dr. Marx, which appeared in Mr. Schwarz’s paper. 
The species appears to live exclusively on Rhus copallinum L., and 
ranges according to Van Duzee (Check List of the Hemiptera of Amer¬ 
ica, North of Mexico) from Connecticut southward to Georgia and 
Florida. In New Jersey we have found Calophya nigripennis to be 
fairly common although it does not by any means occur every place 
where its food plant grows. According to Stone (N. J. State Mus. 
Rept., 1910) Rhus copallinum L. is found frequently in sandy soil 
