474 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 11 
weeds had been allowed to flourish. Early in the year it was found 
that the immature insects in countless myriads were migrating from the 
reclamation area onto the park in one direction, and along the gutters 
of the public streets in another. After some little delay on the part 
of the Government, steps were taken to isolate the breeding ground. 
Coal tar was spread round the edges where it did not join the park, 
and also in the gutters where the insects had traveled. The migration v 
of further immature forms to the park was more or less prevented by 
spraying. The weeds on the area were cut and burnt. Nevertheless 
the measures were not sufficient to prevent a very large number of both 
mature and immature forms escaping. Unless the present winter 
proves severe, the writer fears that next spring will see the pest very 
plentiful over a wide area. Only two instances came under his notice 
where the insects caused damage, one person had the plants in his 
flower garden destroyed, and another lost his tomatoes. He has seen 
in Victoria (Australia) gardens destroyed, save for hardy shrubs, 
and soft fruits utterly ruined by this pest. Not only in many places 
in Victoria was the insect exceptionally plentiful last summer, but 
also in New South Wales. Potato crops suffered in addition to soft 
fruits, and flowering plants. Benzole emulsion as a spray, and smudge 
fires under the fruit-trees were found the most effective means of 
combating the insects. 
Codling Moth. In Tasmania the codling moth (Carpocapsa 
pomonella) is single brooded, but the hatchings are extended over a 
long period. In some districts the larvae are at work long before those 
in another make an appearance. Some years ago and before poison 
sprays had reached the pitch of excellence they now have, the pest 
was greatly feared and justly so, for the annual amount of damage 
was very great. Paris green was then almost solely used in conjunc¬ 
tion with bandaging. Although a codling moth act was in force em¬ 
powering heavy penalties to be inflicted for non-removal of bandages, 
and destruction of larvae therein, etc., yet great carelessness and neg¬ 
lect were shown by many orchardists. Arsenate of lead has almost, 
if not quite, completely taken the place of Paris green, this together 
with a more intelligent system of spraying has reduced the codling moth 
to almost harmless proportions, and made the act as it now stands 
nearly obsolete. There are, of course, individual orchards where 
wormy fruit abounds, but they are the exception. The exhibition of 
such fruit for sale or contemplated sale in auction marts, or shops in¬ 
variably leads to it being seized, and heavy penalties inflicted on the 
responsible parties. 
Nearly every season as spraying time approaches discussions take 
place in the daily and weekly press regarding whether the first spray 
