110 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 13 
molest them during the early spring. For this reason he should leave 
40 to 50 pounds. While ordinarily they would pass the winter well 
on 40 pounds, it would be better to have the 50 pounds in there for 
safety. 
The value of a windbreak has been clearly shown, and as explained 
by Phillips and Demuth, this should consist of a broken windbreak, 
such as a hedge, or if a fence must be used, it should be so constructed 
that there will be large cracks between the boards. To sum up the 
whole thing: a packed hive sheltered from the wind by a good wind¬ 
break, having 45 or 50 pounds of stores, has the best chance of passing 
the winter successfully, and will probably contain the largest number 
of bees in the spring at the beginning of the honey-flow ready to take 
advantage of the same. 
Summary 
First. Directions have been given in previous publications as to the 
method for giving bees winter protection. The purpose of this work 
is to secure data showing the necessity of using this winter protection. 
Second. Six hives containing a known amount of honey and a 
known number of bees were placed on scales, and daily readings taken 
of all changes in weight. 
Third. Three of these hives were sheltered by a windbreak while 
the others were not. 
Fourth. Each set of three consisted of one one-story hive, one two- 
story hive, and one packed hive. 
Fifth. In addition to making daily readings of the changes in 
weights, a general weighing was made at the beginning of the honey- 
flow in the spring to determine the number of bees in the colonies on 
that date. 
Sixth. These observations show that the two-story hive is prefer¬ 
able to the one-story hive, and the packed hive is much to be preferred 
over the unpacked hive. 
Seventh. It was also shown that a windbreak is very essential, 
especially to colonies which have no other form of winter protection. 
Eighth. The effect of a severe winter was found to be less injurious 
to the over-wintering of bees than an open winter. 
Ninth. Colonies which are packed for the winter consume more 
stores, owing to the fact that more stores are necessary, due to 
increased brood rearing. 
Literature Cited 
Phillips, E. F., and Demuth, George S. 
1914. The Temperature of the Honey Bee Cluster in Winter. Bui. No. 93, 
U. S. Dept, of Agri. 
1915. Outdoor Wintering of Bees. Bui. No. 695, U. S. Dept, of Agri. 
