February, ’20] HOLLISTER: SHADE TREE INSECTS 145 
Cincinnati and from southern Illinois. This insect is common, of 
course, only in the southern limits of these observations. The black 
walnut caterpillars, Datana integernma, were quite abundant at 
Detroit and Newport, R. I., and numerous at Chicago and Cincinnati. 
They were reported also from around New York, Baltimore and 
Pittsburgh. The elm leaf beetle is still with us, being reported abun¬ 
dant this year from Newport, eastern Connecticut, around New York, 
including Long Island and northern New Jersey, and numerous at 
Boston, Albany and at Cincinnati. The elm leaf miner was in evi¬ 
dence at Pittsburgh, Baltimore, Long Island and Boston and noticed 
at Detroit. The elm case bearer, Coleophora limosipennella , showed 
up in northern New Jersey, Long Island and along the Hudson River. 
In northeastern Ohio the fall web worm, Hyphantria cunea, seems 
to be on the increase. It was serious in Detroit, Pittsburgh, Cincin¬ 
nati, northern New Jersey and along the Hudson River. At Phila¬ 
delphia, Boston, Albany, and Chicago it was quite common. On 
Long Island and up the Hudson the locust leaf miner, Chalepus 
dorsalis, did some injury as well as working in Newport, Philadelphia, 
Baltimore, Pittsburgh, and Cincinnati. Only one caterpillar of the 
tussock moth, Hemerocampa leucostigma, was found at Kent, Ohio, 
where two years ago trees were defoliated. At Cleveland, however, 
they were quite conspicuous. They were also reported from Connecti¬ 
cut, Brooklyn, Wilmington, and Chicago as abundant and numerous 
at Boston, Albany, Long Island, Cleveland and Detroit. A few leaf 
eaters were reported feeding upon the conifers, but none of them were 
doing any apparent injury with the possible exception of the larch 
sawfly in northern New Jersey. 
The insects which are most noticeable to our men and which are in 
many cases the most destructive are the borers. This term is generally 
applied to those forms which confine their depredations to the interior 
part of the tree, either the roots, trunk, branches, or twigs. Because 
of their internal operations their work is often not noticed until a tree 
is in a serious condition. With a few exceptions borers seem to prefer 
trees with a lowered vitality. The hickory bark borer, Eccoptogaster 
quadrispinosus, and the bronze birch borer, Agrilus anxius, are good 
examples. The former can kill a tree in less than twenty days. These 
pests are killing the hickories by the thousand every year although in 
the east it is reported that they are not as serious. Reports from around 
New York, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, and Detroit were that the beetles 
were very bad this year while at Newport, Baltimore, and Chicago 
they were quite numerous. The bronze birch borers are gradually 
killing the white birches. They were reported serious from northern 
New Jersey, quite noticeable from Newport, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., 
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