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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 13 
ning of entrance by the first brood larvae there was a period of about 
four weeks. From the falling of the bloom to the beginning of entrance 
by the second brood larvae there was a period of nearly twelve weeks. 
In cases where the time of spraying was determined by the entrance 
of the larvae such a degree of control was obtained that less than one 
per cent of the picked fruit showed injury by the codling moth. This 
occurred even in orchards where the previous year had shown in spite 
of spraying over 50 per cent of the picked fruit damaged by this insect. 
In one orchard of over 100 acres of pears where the previous year not 
less than 60 per cent of the fruit was damaged by the codling moth, this 
year less than one per cent of the picked fruit showed injury. This 
year it made the owner a good profit. About 40,000 baskets of pears 
were harvested and sold, none of which brought less than ninety cents 
a basket. 
Control Problems 
There seem to be two main problems in meeting the codling moth as 
the writer has seen it in New Jersey. The first is concerned with the 
comparative value of the three sprays that are usually recommended 
for its control. The second is concerned with finding the relation 
between the time when the spray should be applied and the develop¬ 
ment of the trees. 
Nearly but not quite all of the most careful work hitherto done, so 
far as the writer has had a chance to examine it, seems to indicate the 
preeminent importance of the blossom fall spray. Large amounts of 
data covering periods of several years have been gathered by Quaint- 
ance 1 and his associates, Ball, 2 Melander 3 and Felt. 4 These collections 
of data all seem to indicate unmistakably that the first or blossom fall 
spray is many times more important than any other spray for control 
of the codling moth. Sanderson 5 presented a keen analysis of the 
results obtained up to that time and showed that up to 1909 the data 
gave the place of first importance to the blossom fall spray but that the 
later sprays were also of large importance. Furthermore, most of the 
workers, who maintain the preeminent importance of the blossom fall 
spray recommend later sprays as well. The writer has seen orchards 
in each of the last two years where the amount of blossom end worm¬ 
iness would not amount to one-tenth of one per cent and he has seen 
some instances in which it was almost impossible to find any whatever, 
1 Quaintance et al., Bu. of Ent., U. S. Dept, of Agric., Buis. 80, Pt. VII, 1909,1915, 
Pt. II, 1912 and 88, 1914. 
2 Ball, E. D., Utah Station, Bui. 95, 1904 and 129, 1911. 
3 Melander, A. L., Wash. Sta. Bui. 103, 1911, and others issued personally. 
4 Felt, E. P., Jour, of Econ. Ent., Vol. 5, page 153,1912. 
5 Sanderson, E. D., Jour, of Econ. Ent., Vol. II, pages 141-153,1909. 
