April, ’20] 
HEADLEE: CODLING MOTH 
169 
although the same orchards at the end of the season showed from 50 to 
85 per cent of the picked fruit wormy. During the past season he 
observed rather closely some apple trees near his home which received 
no growing season spray whatever. The blossom end worminess in 
these trees was an almost negligible factor, but at the end of the season 
not much less than 100 per cent of the picked fruit was ruined by the 
codling moth. There is no intention to regard these observations as 
being in any way sufficient to controvert the great mass of evidence in 
the other direction, but it is thought they indicate that codling moth 
habits as determined in the country at large may not apply completely 
to codling moth habits in the Atlantic Coastal Plain. There is no 
doubt whatever in the writer’s mind that a single spray applied by 
orchardmen at the blossom fall under codling moth conditions, such as 
obtained in New Jersey, during the past two years will utterly fail to 
give satisfactory control. He believes this to be true even where the 
spray is applied with the utmost care and thoroughness. 
It thus appears that the observations recorded above indicate first, 
that blossom fall spray does not possess in all cases the preeminent 
value it has been shown to have where studies hitherto have been made 
and, second, that the sprays given at the entrance of the first brood 
larvae and at the entrance of the second brood larvae are also of prime 
importance in effecting satisfactory control. 
Examination of spraying schedules published by different station and 
government agencies in this country indicate that there exists a differ¬ 
ence of opinion as to the method which should be chosen to outline 
the proper time of spraying. Some schedules designate the sprays as 
coming so many days and weeks after the blossom fall, others indicate 
the proper time of spraying by means of a day and monthly date and 
still others use a combination of the two methods. The labors of 
Melander, 1 Jenne, 2 Hammer 3 and Siegler-Simanton 4 indicate that the 
period separating the falling of the blossoms and the emergence of the 
adult moths is a rather highly variable thing. The work of Hammer 
also indicates that the time of the activity of the second brood varies 
but little from year to year. This condition would appear to indicate 
for sprays intended to protect the fruit from the side worms of the first 
brood larvae, there is no very definite method of determining the proper 
time and that a day and month date indication should be sufficient for 
the spray intended to protect the fruit from the side worm of the second 
1 Melander, A. L., Wash. Sta. Bui. 77, 1906. 
2 Jenne, E. L., Bureau of Ent., Bui. 80, Pt. I, 1909, interval 6 and 3 weeks. 
3 Hammer, A. G., Bureau of Ent., U. S. Dept, of Agric., Bui. 115, Pt. I, 1912. 
4 Siegler, E. H., Simanton, F. L., Bureau of Ent., U. S. Dept, of Agric., Bui. No. 
252. 
