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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 13 
and was examined the next day. There were 12 stalks, each one 
showing larval excavation. One adult male C. pertinax , 2 live pupae 
and 1 living and 3 dead larvae were secured, a small representation as 
compared with earlier collections, probably partly the result of the 
decay of the specimens which, four weeks ago, would have been visible, 
and partly the result of some considerable percentage of the survivors, 
as observed in the collection of August 10, having matured and escaped. 
One adult female C. pertinax was reared from 1 of the pupae on Septem¬ 
ber 19. 
The next collection was made September 21, Mr. Bell choosing 
another section of the swamp which is not covered with water, though 
quite damp. The cat-tail growth here is not so heavy as in the por¬ 
tions covered, the plants standing somewhat separately in a heavy 
growth of various kinds of vegetation. In this soil the plants would 
not pull up, so were cut off somewhat below the surface of the ground. 
While making the collection, Mr. Bell saw larvae, pupae and adults of 
C. pertinax in some stalks. He searched in the soil about the plants 
and found no evidence of any larvae leaving the plants to pupate in 
the soil. This collection was received for study September 24, and 
consisted of 19 stalks. Of these, 18 contained a total of 23 C. pertinax 
larval excavations, and only 1 was unaffected. In the 19, there were 
4 stalks containing Sphida obliqua larval excavations, both insects 
working in common in 3, 1 of these 3 stalks containing burrows of two 
Calendra larvae and the larvae themselves. One Sphida excavation 
contained a pupa shell of the moth. There were also 2 prepupae, 6 
pupae, 6 male and 1 female C. pertinax adults, 1 hymenopterous para¬ 
site cocoon with a Calendra larval mask attached in the larval excava¬ 
tion. In checking up as to place of pupation for the makers of these 
23 larval excavations, 2 specimens were prepupae, 6 were pupae, 5 were 
adults, 9 left their exuviae in their cells in the stalks, escaping as adults, 
and 1 was destroyed by a parasite while in the larval stage. Thus, the 
fact that pupation at Flushing occurs in the cat-tail stalks, even in 
those plants not in standing or flowing water, is well established. 
From 1 of the pupae, an adult male C. pertinax issued September 26. 
On October 13, Mr. Bell made a collection in the water and in the 
soil areas, in the same swamp as before, keeping each collection dis¬ 
tinct for comparative study. These stalks were all cut off, rather than 
pulled up with crown and possible roots. In the water area there was 
not nearly so much water as on the occasions of the collections of 
August 10 and September 6. Mr. Bell observed that all the stalks he 
sent lacked flower stalks and always have been shorter than the unin¬ 
fested stalks, except of course the young shoots. In the series of 12 
stalks from the water area, there were 22 burrows, 16 dead larvae, 2 
