June, *20] SATTERTHWAIT: habits of calendra pertinax 
287 
At Hagerstown, Maryland, Mr. C. M. Packard collected 8 larvae 
boring in the bases of stems of the common cat-tail in the City Park 
swamp, July 25, 1919, and sent them to the writer for study. From 
these larvae, 2 male and 1 female C. pertinax adults were reared, 1 
adult issuing August 5, and 2, August 25. 
At Charleston, Missouri, the collection places were beds of common 
cat-tail in dredged ditches at the east and west edges of town. The 
surface soil in the vicinity of the ditches is sandy, with sand modifying 
a limited part of the cat-tail areas studied, gumbo being the chief soil 
encountered in the ditches. The condition of the soil seemed to make 
no difference in the degree of infestation, or in habits, though plants 
constantly in water at the head of the east ditch were examined and 
no infestation found. Larvae proving to be C. pertinax by rearings, 
were collected in excavations in cat-tail stalks close to crowns, in the 
crowns and in the rhizomes, and in the soil about the roots, and pupae 
were collected in the soil about the roots, but only once in plant tissue. 
This exception was a pupa found in a cell in a leaf-sheath slightly over 
2 inches above the crown and embracing a stem which, after 3 days’ 
shrinkage, had a minimum diameter of 26 mm., or more than an inch. 
This pupa was injured and the species was not confirmed by rearing, 
but appears certainly to be C. pertinax. 
The collections at Charleston may be briefly analysed by dates, as 
follows:— 
August 13,1918, 22 larvae and 1 pupa, maturing 2 male and 3 female C. pertinax from 
larvae collected in rhizomes and 2 females from conditions not specified, also 1 male 
C. minimus from larva in rhizome and 1 female C. melanocephalus , conditions not 
specified. 
September 3, 8 larvae, maturing 1 male C. pertinax from larva in soil and 1 male C. 
minimus from conditions not specified. 
September 9, 10, 11, 13 larvae and 8 pupae, maturing 1 male and 1 female C. pertinax 
from larvae in root crowns, 1 male and 2 females from larvae in rhizomes, and 3 
males and 7 females from larvae and pupae in soil, also 2 female C. minimus and 1 
female C. melanocephalus from larvae in soil. 
September 21, 1 larva, 2 pupae and 1 male and 1 female C. pertinax adults, maturing 
1 male C. pertinax from conditions not specified. 
September 23, 4 larvae, 5 pupae and 1 adult female C. pertinax , maturing 1 female C. 
pertinax from larva in rhizome, 1 female from larva in soil, and 1 male and 2 females 
from conditions not specified. 
September 24, 1 larva, 3 pupae and 2 adult male C. pertinax , maturing 1 male and 1 
female C. pertinax from larvae in soil. 
September 28, 7 larvae, 9 pupae and 4 adult female C. pertinax, maturing 1 female C. 
pertinax from larva in root crown, 1 male and 1 female from larvae and pupae in soil, 
and 3 females from conditions not specified. 
As insufficient data have been assembled for the separation of the 
immature forms of the several species of Calendra, and as 8 species, 2 
2 
