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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 13 
of which have been bred from cat-tails and 2 from soil at the base of 
cat-tails, in the east ditch, the larvse have been grouped under C. 
pertinax or under other species on circumstantial evidence, the size of 
the immature form being an important guide, as small C. pertinax 
larvae have no occasion to be in the soil, and small larvae in the cat-tail 
are presumed to be small C. pertinax. Thus, in the supposed C. pertinax 
list of 56 larvae and 28 pupae, 12 male and 25 female C. pertinax, 2 male 
and 2 female C. minimus and 2 female C. melanocephalus were success¬ 
fully matured, fixing an accurate basis of determination for scarcely 
more than half of the immature collections. 
At Clinton, Missouri, Mr. Painter found 1 pupa in soil about the 
roots of common cat-tails growing in a small bed in soft, wet mud, not 
water-covered, near the artificial lake in a pleasure resort west of town, 
October 17, 1918. This pupa changed to an adult C. pertinax. 
At Advance, Missouri, in a recently drained peat area of about 1,200 
acres, known as the “Big Field,” 4 miles east of town, common cat¬ 
tails were growing abundantly May 23, 1919, and were heavily in¬ 
fested with C. pertinax. Corn was grown on this portion of the “Big 
Field” in 1918, but at this time was not through the ground. Numer¬ 
ous adults were taken in their feeding punctures in cat-tails (PI. 5, fig. 
1, and many eggs and some newly hatched larvae were found in the 
leaf-sheaths. The eggs were laid in the cells of the leaf-sheath (PL 5, 
fig. 3), the cells being larger than the eggs for a considerable part of the 
width of the encircling sheath. Rarely, an egg was found between 
sheaths. As none of the eggs or larvae collected in the Advance area 
were reared to maturity, no record of associated species was made, 
except that of 85 adults taken by Mr. J. H. Jenkins, Mr. H. R. Painter 
and the writer on June 4 and 9 and May 23, respectively, 83 were C. 
pertinax and 2 were C. scoparius Horn. (See plate 4.) 
At Webster Groves, Missouri, eggs of C. pertinax were first found 
June 17,1919, in cells in the leaf-sheaths of common cat-tails growing in 
a low area south of the Frisco Railway tracks, a short distance west of 
the depot. This area is completely free from water part of the year. 
On September 26, Mr. R. A. Blanchard collected 1 adult C. pertinax 
in soil under a cat-tail plant in this low area and 1 adult clinging to 
cat-tail roots about 1 inch below the surface of the soil in a similar area 
Plate 4.—A view in the “Big Field,” Advance, Mo., looking northeast across 
damaged corn. Much damage was done to the corn by Calendra pertinax Oliv., the 
most common host plant of which is the Common Cat-tail (Typha latifolia L.), 
abundant in this part of the “Big Field.” Retarded growth of the corn when 3 or 
4 inches high accentuated the damage. The height of vegetation is indicated by 
the camera case, 14 inches high, at the right. Photographed June 9, 1919, by Mr. 
H. R. Painter. 
