June, ’20] 
SATTERTHWAIT: HABITS OF CALENDRA PERTINAX 
289 
in Sherwood Forest, north of the railroad and about a half mile west 
of the first area. This latter area probably holds water throughout 
the year, and is being filled with cans and ashes. Both areas are in 
openings in oak groves, on clay soil. 
At Meramec Highlands, Missouri, a few miles west of Webster 
Groves, on July 18, 1919, Mr. Painter collected 16 eggs and 4 larvae, 
supposedly of C. pertinax, in common cat-tails in a small cat-tail pond 
in a wheat field. An adult female C. pertinax was reared from each of 
2 eggs, the larvae being reared in sections of corn stalks, 1 adult issuing 
September 27, the second, the following day. Rearings attempted in 
timothy were failures. 
At Sulphur Springs, Missouri, the common cat-tails examined cover 
possibly an acre of wet, flat land a half mile west of town. A very 
small stream of sulphur and of magnesium spring water courses through 
part of it, while most of it is without a water cover during the summer. 
Trees margin the swamp except at the west end, where a wheat field 
borders the swamp at the top of a bench, 1 to 3 feet above the floor of 
the swamp. At first visit, July 29, 1919, the writer collected 1 C. per¬ 
tinax pupa about 1 inch deep in the soil, 4 larvse supposed to be C. 
pertinax in cat-tail crowns, and 1 smaller, apparently mature, larva in 
soil where there was no water, at edge next to the wheat field. Various 
cat-tail crowns were collected at the same place for subsequent study. 
These, examined August 7, produced 8 larvse and 1 pupa. From the 
larva collected in the soil and noted as too small for C. pertinax, 1 
adult female C. zeoe Walsh was reared. From the 4 supposed C. pertinax 
larvse collected in crowns in the field, 2 adult female C. pertinax were 
matured and 1 pupa was so nearly adult that it was identifiable as a 
male C. pertinax, and from those collected in crowns subsequently 
examined, 6 adult C. pertinax, including 2 males and 2 females, were 
reared. 
On September 16, Mr. Painter collected plants from the northern, 
eastern and central parts of the area, the eastern border alone being 
watery, a narrow stream, scarcely 1 inch deep and about 1 to 2 feet 
wide, flowing across. The water level at the eastern end is almost at 
the surface of the ground. In the western part, the water level was 
Plate 5, 1.— a. Feeding punctures of Calendra pertinax Oliv. adults in stalks of 
Common Cat-tail, Advance, Mo., May 23,1919. These excavations are comparable to 
gnawings of small rodents, and in some instances two adults were about half buried 
in a single feeding puncture when found, b. Scars typical of egg punctures. Photo¬ 
graphed by Mr. H. R. Painter; 
2. —Calendra pertinax Oliv. Adult female, enlarged 6 X. Photographed by Mr. 
H. R. Painter. 
3. —Calendra pertinax Oliv. eggs in situ in natural cells in leaf-sheath of the Common 
Cat-tail, Webster Groves, Mo. Photographed by Mr. H. R. Painter. 
