296 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 13 
Our special studies extended from August 1 to September 10, covering 
the last of one brood of larvae, through the pupal, adult and egg stages, 
to the point where the next generation of larvae were about one-fourth 
grown. While most of the facts here given are from the writer’s own 
work, Mr. Leiby’s notes are also used as mentioned from time to time. 
The Life-stages 
Our findings on the duration of the several stages agree well with the 
accounts of Coquillett in Canadian Entomologist July, 1881,—Chit¬ 
tenden in Bulletin 30 U. S. Division Entomology 1901,—Britton in 
8th Report Entomologist of Connecticut 1908,—and Hill in Farmers 
Bulletin 982 U. S. Department Agriculture, 1918. 
Eggs collected in the field hatched within 4 days,—those laid in Mr. 
Leiby’s cages in five days. 
From hatching to spinning of cocoon is given as 25 days by Coquil¬ 
lett, which we take to be normal in mid-summer. 
We both recorded that after spinning the fragile cocoon the insect 
remains as a larva for two days. We have not found mention of this 
in the literature. 
The true pupal stage varied from eight days plus to 14 days and a 
fraction ,—eleven days being the most common and also the average, we 
give it as the true normal for the time and place of our observations. 
From August 17 to 22, the writer placed in one cage with suitable 
foliage and water, reared moths as follows: six males, thirteen females, 
and six of undetermined sex. Only one certainly laid eggs and these 
eight days after the last male had been removed, dead. Mr. Leiby 
had similar results under same conditions, but secured eggs more 
freely when molasses was lightly smeared on the leaves, on which he 
observed both sexes to feed. He also found the moths to live a week 
or more before laying eggs. It seems certain that mating takes place 
soon after emergence and that a week must then elapse before eggs are 
laid, the moths feeding in the meantime. 
Summary: 
Egg. 5 days 
Hatching to spinning of cocoon. 25 days (Fide Coq.) 
Larva in cocoon. 2 days 
True pupal stage. 11 days 
Emergence to mating. 1 day 
Mating to laying of eggs. 7 days 
Total. .. 51 days 
The winter is normally passed in the adult stage, as proven by 
numerous collecting records in our own state and elsewhere. 
