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JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 13 
Grub. —The grubs were reared in the life history cages throughout 
their period of growth on grains of wheat which were replaced weekly 
in the warmer months and entirely removed during the winter. The 
frequent change of food was necessary because of the development 
of fungi and as a result, until the grain germinated, no roots were 
available. The larger grubs would often consume the grain before 
germination. 
The records in this study show the following food plant locations of 
the different species, based on the rearing to adults of grubs collected 
in the fields. 
L. crassissima .—Three situations have yielded the largest number of 
this species. Thirty-one per cent of all reared have been taken in corn 
fields, 25 per cent in bluegrass sod, and 17 per cent in garden tracts 
where a variety of food was available. This species has also been 
reared from grubs collected in pastures, oat fields, strawberry beds, 
crab grass roots, a rhubarb bed, sunflower roots and bindweed roots. 
L. futilis .—No grubs of this species have been reared from any of 
the collecting regions around Manhattan, despite the prevalence of 
the adults. 
L. rubiginosa. —Twenty-nine per cent of the grubs of this species 
which matured were from corn, 21 per cent from bluegrass, and 17 per 
cent from garden tracts. Other places where the grubs were found 
consist of pastures, oat fields, strawberry beds, rhubarb beds, sunflower 
roots and potato patches. 
L. rugosa .—The most striking food preference of any of the grubs 
was exhibited by this species where 41 per cent of all reared were taken 
from land devoted to gardening. Twenty per cent were taken in corn 
ground, and five per cent in bluegrass sod. Sorghum, wheat, and oat 
fields, strawberry and rhubarb beds, sunflower roots, potato patches, 
petunia roots and ironweed roots have yielded grubs of this species. 
L. implicata .—This species has been found in corn, wheat and oat 
fields. 
L. submucida .—This species has been found only at the roots of 
bluestem pasture grasses. The eggs from which this species were 
reared were found at the roots of ironweed which may be a preferred 
food plant of the grubs. 
L. vehemens .—No data concerning the food preference of L. vehement 
grubs are at hand. 
Natural Enemies 
Davis (1919) has recently published a comprehensive monograph of 
the natural enemies of this genus and little need be said here concerning 
them, except to enumerate the enemies encountered during these 
studies. 
