June, ’20] 
HAYES: SOME KANSAS LACHNOSTERNA 
317 
Enemies of the Grubs. —In the vicinity of Manhattan, three of the 
four species of Tiphia commonly parasitic on grubs have been found. 
The most important species is T. punctata Rob. The others, T. trans- 
versa Say and T. inornata occur rarely and T. vulgaris although re¬ 
corded by Davis as occurring in Kansas has not been taken during 
this study. Among the banded digger-wasps, Ellis 5-cincta Fabr., and 
E. interrupta Say are rather common in this region. The Tachinid 
Microphihalma disjuncta Wied. (determined by Aldrich) has also been 
reared. 
Hairworms of the family Mermethidce have been frequently reared 
from grubs. Nematodes, probably Diplogaster cerivora Cobb, killed 
many grubs in rearing cages during the summer of 1919. They were 
also especially abundant in a collection of grubs, those of which sur¬ 
vived proved to be L. lanceolata. Attempts were made without suc¬ 
cess to inoculate grubs from cultures of the nematodes. Mites, fungi 
and bacterial diseases have likewise proved obnoxious in rearing cages. 
Asilid larvae have frequently been observed attacking grubs. So far, 
none of these have been reared to maturity. Toads, birds, and moles 
have been noted feeding on grubs. 
Enemies of the Adults. —Two dipterous parasites, Pyrgota valida 
Harris, and Cryptomeigenia theutis Walk, are apparently the most 
active enemies of May beetles in this region. In this work, C. theutis 
has been reared from L. futilis, L. implicata, L. rugosa, L. crassissima, 
and L. crenulata; and P. valida from L. crassissima, L. implicata, L. 
rugosa, L. rubiginosa, and L. bipartita. Another enemy, Eutrixa 
exile Coq., was reared from L. rubiginosa. Miscellaneous enemies, 
such as mites, toads, cats, birds and spiders have been noted. Two 
carabid beetles, Scarites substriatus Hald., and Pasimachus probably 
punctulatus Hald., were observed attacking adults. In the case of 
the former, two adults were noted chasing and biting at the legs of 
June bugs under an electric light. 
Summary 
The life histories of seven species of Lachnosterna found in the vicinity 
of Manhattan, Kansas, are herein considered. Five of these, L. cras¬ 
sissima, L. rubiginosa, L. futilis, L. rugosa, and L. implicata, in the 
order named are the most abundant in this locality. The other two, 
L. vehemens and L. submucida ranked eighth and sixteenth, respectively. 
Their flight periods begin about April 18 and may last as in the case 
of L. submucida until Aug. 17. 
The egg stages were found to average from slightly over 14 days to 
29.8 days. The larval period varied, two and three-year life cycles 
occurring for the five important species. Only a three-year cycle was 
observed in the case of L. vehemens and grubs now living in rearing 
