332 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 13 
much larger proportion. From information that I have received 
from various sources a condition of this sort was quite general 
throughout the northwest during the past year. 
It is not my purpose to in any way depreciate the importance of the 
calyx application in the minds of the orchardists. The more stress 
that we can lay upon this and the cover sprays the better will be the 
results. However, over emphasis of the calyx application has been 
harmful in that it has had a tendency to depreciate (in the minds of 
the growers) the value of cover sprays and much worminess has been 
the result. 
The writer has been keeping in very close touch with codling moth 
activities in Hood River for six years. During the past four years 
experimental work with dust and sprays of various sorts has been 
under observation. 
The dusting method of applying arsenate of lead and sulphur to 
apples for the control of various insects and plant diseases created 
much interest following the publication of the work of Reddick and 
Crosby 1 in 1914 and 1915. The results of their work indicated that 
apple insects and diseases of importance in the East, other than San 
Jose scale and the various apple aphids could be controlled in about 
the same degree as with the liquid. In the West we have to add to 
this list of uncontrollable troubles, powdery mildew, anthracnose, and 
the leaf roller as well as a few minor insect pests. This fact places a 
very decided limit upon the general utility of the method and makes 
it a means of general control that we can not recommend. 
The results of Reddick and Crosby are especially interesting to me 
as I have been able to duplicate their results with scab and codling 
moth control during the four years of the investigation. To the 
entomologist working on codling moth control these results should be 
decidedly significant. Reddick and Crosby do not go into the critical 
analysis of the proportions of calyx and side worms yet their good re¬ 
sults indicate that they accomplish calyx worm control. How can the 
advocate of the so-called driving calyx spray explain this control? 
The writer’s work shows that this control is very decidedly accom¬ 
plished. The dust cannot be driven. Quiet air—atmosphere—is 
the carrying medium used in placing the dust particles on the surfaces 
which require protection. A wonderful coating can be given a tree 
even to its uppermost branches. Upper and under surfaces of the 
leaves as well as the fruit alike are covered. This air conveyor being 
in motion, a slight breeze, very light indeed, upsets the plans of pro¬ 
cedure. A breeze makes it almost impossible to hit the tops and even 
if this were accomplished the particles are moved past the surfaces so 
1 Bulletins: 354 and 369 Ag. Exp. Sta., Cornell University. 
