336 
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 
[Vol. 13 
might be filled. The check trees (Exp. 14) developed an infestation 
of 53.6 per cent; the ratio of side to calyx worms was 45.16 per cent to 
54.83 per cent. In Experiments 9 and 10 (rods in the calyx and 
guns in all applications) the percentage of calyx entrants was found to 
be practically the same, .34 and .35 per cent. The ratio of side to 
calyx worms being 85.74 to 14.28 per cent for the rods and 84.24 to 
15.71 per cent for the guns. It is interesting to note here that the 
field control obtained by the owner two rows away from the check trees 
ran .56 per cent wormy, fruit being checked up at random at harvest 
time. This demonstrates what can be done in a badly infested orchard 
in a season with a spray gun. 
Another point upon which there is no experimental information 
available is the matter of worm control in the tops of large trees with 
the guns. At picking time the fruit was segregated in the different 
experiments in lots from the ground to 12 feet and from 12 feet to the 
tops of the trees (Exps. 12 and 13). The trees in question were quite 
tall, considerable fruit occurring from 20 to 25 feet from the ground. 
Up to a height of 20 feet effective control can be obtained; above this 
point, however, effectiveness rapidly decreases. For example, in one 
tall tree 123 apples (which are included in the results given in Exp. 
13) were picked at a height of 25 to 28 feet; 22 of them were found to be 
wormy. No fruit occurred at the greater heights in the blocks sprayed 
with the rods so that comparative figures are not available. The 
results would seem to indicate that very good calyx and side worm 
control can be expected up to a height of 25 feet, above which point 
very poor protection is accomplished. 
From figures which I have been accumulating it appears that the 
codling moth is inclined to deposit more eggs in the tops of the trees 
than nearer the ground. It is quite important then that the fruit 
should either not be grown at that height or should be very well sprayed 
in order to reduce worm infestation to the minimum. This could be 
accomplished by spraying from a tower. 
The poor results that have been obtained with the spray gun are 
not due to the principal involved in applying the spray. Unsatisfac¬ 
tory control can be the result of the misuse of one of three—or perhaps 
better—the combination of three misused factors. These are poor 
equipment, poor work and irregularity of application. Of the three 
factors, the first mentioned is probably the most important from the 
standpoint of the use of the gun. The other two factors are contingent 
upon the first. The spray gun is a useless accessory on a poor spray 
outfit. It is little better than nothing and will never give good results. 
Our up-to-date 3| horse power sprayers are indeed too small to handle 
two guns effectively, they will handle one in good shape. A machine 
