O'Malley et at: Effects of exploitation evident in age-based demography of Pristipomoides ftavipinnis and P. auricilla 
331 
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Figure 5 
Observed proportions at age (gray bars) of goldflag jobfish (Pristipomoides auricilla) 
collected from (A) fished and (B) unfished areas in the Mariana Archipelago in 2014 and 
of goldeneye jobfish (P. flavipinnis) collected from (C) fished and (D) unfished areas in 
the Samoa Archipelago in 2012 and 2016. Predicted proportions at age (black dots) with 
95% confidence intervals (error bars) are superimposed on the gray bars. n=number of 
fish aged. 
Table 3 
Point estimates of natural mortality (M) and selectivity in 
fished and unfished areas from catch curve analysis for 
goldeneye jobfish (Pristipomoides flavipinnis ) collected 
from the Samoa Archipelago in 2012 and 2016 and for 
goldflag jobfish (P. auricilla) collected from the Mariana 
Archipelago in 2014. Parameters include total mortality 
(Z), age at 50% selectivity (A 50 ), and the difference between 
ages at 95% and 50% selectivity (A). The 95% confidence 
intervals for estimates are provided in parentheses. 
Parameter 
P. flavipinnis 
P. auricilla 
M 
Z —fished areas 
A so —unfished areas 
A—unfished areas 
A so —fished areas 
A—fished areas 
0.22(0.19-0.25) 
0.89 (0.36-1.42) 
4.15 (3.95-4.35) 
0.73 (0.38-1.09) 
4.85 (3.49-6.22) 
2.20(1.32-3.08) 
0.18(0.15-0.21) 
0.42 (0.34-0.50) 
2.95 (2.78-3.11) 
0.37 (0.35-0.37) 
2.10(1.83-2.36) 
0.74(0.33-1.15) 
mortality estimates from the unfished areas and the total 
mortality estimate from the fished areas results in a fish¬ 
ing mortality of 0.66 and an E of 0.74 for goldeneye job¬ 
fish, whereas using the natural mortality from the fished 
areas results in a fishing mortality of 0.30 and an E of 0.33. 
Applying the same calculations to data for goldflag job¬ 
fish results in a fishing mortality of 0.21 and an E of 0.51, 
whereas using the natural mortality from the fished areas 
results in a fishing mortality of 0.07 and an E of 0.17. 
Discussion 
The life histories of deepwater snappers and their sensi¬ 
tivity to fishing pressure are poorly understood. This study 
compared length- and age-based data and growth between 
sexes and between fished and unfished areas for the gold¬ 
eneye jobfish and the goldflag jobfish, both important 
deepwater snapper species, in the North and South Pacific 
Oceans. Samples from unfished areas presented a rare 
opportunity to test the suitability of natural mortality 
estimators for deepwater snappers and offered a different 
perspective on the population status relative to samples 
collected exclusively from the fished areas. 
Age, growth, and mortality 
The estimates of maximum age for goldeneye jobfish 
(28 years) and goldflag jobfish (32 years) are much older 
than those originally estimated by using the technique 
of numerical integration of counts of daily growth incre¬ 
ments (Ralston and Williams, 1988). These new estimates 
are similar to those for congeners, including 21 years for 
sharptooth jawfish (P. typus ) from the Pilbara region of 
Western Australia (Newman et al. 1 ), 30 years for gold- 
banded jobfish (P multidens ) from the Kimberley region 
of Western Australia (Newman and Dunk, 2003), and 
42 years for crimson jobfish (P. filamentosus ) from the 
Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (Andrews et al., 2012). 
Considering that the maximum ages reported here for the 
goldeneye jobfish and goldflag jobfish came from areas 
