384 
Island, Rutland Island and Batti Malv, and is included in the list without 
anj feeling of doubt in the naind of the writer. On the other hand, in¬ 
deed, it is with some diflS.dence that another species, Ipomcea Turpethum, 
is omitted. All three species of Vitex given are “ littoral,” but while there 
seems no doubt that Vitex Negundo is sea-introduced, it is on the whole 
more probable that the others are introductions by fruit-eating birds. 
Macaranga Tanarius is also a species that from its habitat the writer has 
no hesitation in considering a sea-introduced species ; another that he 
would have wished to include is Blachia andamanica which occurs on 
the coast with Desmodiwn umhellatum, PliicJiea indica and other un¬ 
equivocally littoral species. Moreover there are several of these shrubby 
and arboreous Euphorhiacece on Narcondam ; their presence there indicates 
that some mode of introduction for species of this order must be possible. 
In the absence, however, of direct experiment with their seeds the others 
have been left to swell, probably unduly, the list of “remanent” 
species. Tacca pinnatifida, which is an inland as well as a coast species, 
may be bird-introduced, for its seeds are embedded in a sweet pulp. 
But though a species of ant is very fond of this fruit and scoops out 
all the ripe pulp, leaving the seeds bare but uninjured in an other¬ 
wise empty bag, no bird, so far as the writer could see, appears 
to eat them. The two Pisonias, one a climber, the other a tree, are 
both “ littoral ” and so may well be sea-introduced, but as both 
have peculiar fruits with glutinous lines along their sides they may 
equally well be bird.-introduced species. The sticky lines along the 
angles of the fruits of Pisonia excelsa in particular have all the tenacity 
of bird-lime. As this species occurs some way inland as well as along 
the coast there is little doubt that, even if sea-inti’oduced, its further 
dispersal is assisted by ground-feeding birds or small mammals. The 
fruits of two species of Dipterocarpus were seen in the “drifts,” but the 
writer has no hesitation, from what is known regarding the delicacy of 
the seeds in this order and the rapidity with which their power of 
germinating is lost, in excluding both from the list. From what has 
already been said regarding “civilized” species it will be seen that 
though Cocos nucifera is undoubtedly capable of being introduced by 
the sea, it is px’obably not to this agency that its presence in these 
islands is due. Caryota soboUfera, however, which is throughout the 
whole Andaman group a very common species, both on flat and on 
rising ground, and which is as common on Narcondam as in the Cocos, 
is probably a sea-introduced species. 
Peristrophe acuminata is another species that affects only the locali¬ 
ties in which Desmodmm polycarpum and its companions are found and 
ought probably to be included among the littoral species ; in the absence 
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