396 
that have pulpy fruits with a hard stone or with hard indigestible seeds. 
It cannot, however^ be held to include all these, for though birds do eat 
the pulpy part of the fruits of Canarium, Spondias and Dracontomelum, 
the stones of these are too large to be swallowed; probably therefore 
some other mode of dispersal must be held accountable for the presence 
in these islands of species of those genera. For Dracontomelum intro¬ 
duction by the sea has been suggested, though doubtfully; the others 
are left, with some reluctance, among the “ remanent ” species. There 
are other species for which this agency is only doubtful, such as Miliusa, 
the fruits of which do not look very inviting—some polyalthias are, 
however, so dispersed, e. g., P. longifolia by frugivorous bats ; Physalis 
minima might well enough have been introduced in this way, but is, all 
things considered, more probably sea-introduced; some of the Gon- 
volvulacere may also have been thus introduced. Moreover it must not 
be forgotten that indirect introduction in this way is not impossible. 
As has been pointed out, some of the fruit-eating pigeons are ground¬ 
feeding creatures, and if a sticky pulpy fruit should fall into a patch of 
Oplismenus, Panicum,, Aneileona, or other small-fruited or -seeded herba¬ 
ceous ground-species, the seeds or fruits of these may become attached 
to the fruits in question and, if then swallowed unnoticed by a fruit-eat¬ 
ing bird, be voided uninjured along with the stone or seeds of the fruit 
itself and subsequently germinate. The subjoined table gives a list of 
all the species probably directly introduced; the indirect method, as 
being too hypothetical for discussion here, is not mentioned in connection 
with any particular species. 
As in the case of species introduced by wind the occurrence of 
species of this kind in the islands of Narcondam and Barren Island is 
given ; these being islands for which it is necessary at the outset to 
exclude from consideration any hypothetical “ remanent ” element.* 
* This part of the list is not so complete as it might be, since owing to the 
pressure of other duties the writer has not yet been able to complete the examination 
of the species collected by him in those islands in April 1891. This much may be said, 
that all the species quoted as occurring there do occur. But many of the others 
though not present are represented by nearly allied species and by species of this 
kind. There is for example at least one Grewia in Narcondam, there are several 
RuhiaceK and there is an Amorphophallus. In Narcondam too there is a species of 
Strychnos, while a species of Eugenia is common in Barren Island. These two isolated 
localities therefore present two genera, with species that have fruits of the kind now 
discussed, of which no representatives were met with in the Coco Group. Similarly 
Batti Malv, equally isolated, and quite uninhabited, has an Alangium and a Batura ; 
it may therefore be repeated that this list by no means overstates the possibilities of 
the agency in such a locality as this. 
306 
