118 
[April, 
5. Leptosia xiphia Fabr. 
One specimen cangbt on high ground near the north end of the 
island. IS'ot previously found in the Andamans, though a distinct 
form (vAR. nicolarica Doherty) occurs in the Nicobars. 
Distrib. India; Indo-China ; Malaya. 
6. Huphina lichinosa Moore ! 
One female ; after Cynthia erota the commonest butterfly. 
Distrib. India; Indo-China ; Malaya ; Andamans. 
7. IxiAS AKDAMANA Moore. 
Seen during our ascent of the peak at about 1,200 feet eleva¬ 
tion ; no example was obtained. 
Distrib. Andamans. 
By reviewing the distribution of the birds and butterflies (of which 
two groups, so far as these remarks go, anything precise is known) ive 
may perhaps form some idea of the general relationship of the fauna of 
these two islands to that of the nearest adjacent lands. For it is ex¬ 
tremely probable that, though neither group is completely detailed in 
its list, these lists nevertheless are representative. And it is equally 
probable that most of the groups of air-breathing creatures will, when 
thoroughly known, be found to owe their presence here to the agencies 
that are accountable for the presence of the species enumerated. 
The two islands, though spoken of ordinarily as members of the 
Andaman group, are only to be admitted as such with a very consider¬ 
able qualification, since in reality they belong to quite a different physio- 
gi-aphical system from that to which the Andamans proper are to be 
referred. 
The Andamans themselves are, as in well-known, undoubtedly a 
continuation of the chain of tertiary sandstone hills known as the Yomah 
of Arracan, the connecting links being Diamond Island off the south 
coast of Arracan, Preparis Island and the Coco Group, the same system 
of peaks reappearing with certain limitations and modifications* in some 
* For example, at the southern end of Great Andaman there are to be found, 
besides the sandstone about Port Blair which is exactly like that of the Coco Group 
and of Diamond Island, a difEerent kind of sandstone rock in the “ Archipelago ” to 
the north-east of Port Blair and a coralline limestone in the “ Sentinels ” to the 
south-west; whether the “ Archipelago” sandstone recurs in the Nicobars the writer 
is unable to say, the “ Sentinel ” limestone undoubtedly does, e. y., in Batti Malv. 
244 
