120 
[April? 
cent, of the list, are probably deliberate visitants. And tbongb the Sea- 
Eagle has become a permanent resident and breeds on the spot, perhaps 
most of the others are still seasonal visitants and nothing more. This is 
certainly the case with the Fruit-Pigeons, two of which, Garpophaga 
bicolor and Galoenas nicoharica come annually from the hlicobars or from 
Malaya; the third, Garpophaga cenea, may come from Malaya or from 
Indo-China. Equally is this the case with Pond-Heron, which is a visit¬ 
ant from India, and it may be the case with the Sand-Plover and the 
Sand-Piper which are, in all probability, visitants from the north, and 
with the Snowy-Tern which is probably a visitant from the south. 
Perhaps the Blue Beef-Heron, though probably at first a deliberate 
immigrant, is now, like the Sea-Eagle, a permanent resident. 
The Rock-Swiftlet and the Small King-fisher may either have come 
deliberately or may have been driven by stress of weather to the islands. 
The former is now certainly, the latter is probably, a permanent resi¬ 
dent. The Swiftlet, if driven here involuntarily, must have been an 
immigrant under the influence of the south-west monsoon, the King¬ 
fisher may have reached the island under the influence of either the 
south-west or the north-east monsoon. 
The Water-Hen may also have been driven here involuntarily, 
but is quite as likely to be a deliberate, though an inadvertent, immi¬ 
grant. In either case it has probably come from the Andamans, whence 
also the large Corby has certainly come; the latter has probably, how¬ 
ever, not come deliberately but has been driven by stress of weather. 
The Paroquet and the Sunbird, the Koel and the Bulbul are pro¬ 
bably all involuntary immigrants, the two former under the influence 
of the south-west, the two latter under the influence of either monsoon. 
The most interesting bird of the list is the Karcondam Hornbill, 
not merely because it is endemic in that island,—pointing to its arrival 
there being an event of very considerable antiquity since it has had time 
to develope peculiarities that appear to entitle it to speciflc rank, and 
indicating moreover that the event is one which has recurred very in¬ 
frequently, if at all—but because, there being no Hornbills in the 
Andaman group proper, whence birds driven by the south-west mon¬ 
soon must have been derived, we are led to conclude that it owes its 
presence in the island to the influence of the usually weaker north-east 
monsoon. 
The probabilities of the case are more compactly indicated in the 
subjoined table. 
246 
