THE STEM. 
65 
The directions for observing the folding and roll¬ 
ing of leaves-apply also to the study of their arrange- 
ment. But there are several different ways in which 
imbricate leaves are placed, and it is sometimes quite 
difficult to make them out. The best way to study 
the arrangement of leaves in the bnd is to cut off the 
top of the bud with a sharp knife, and look down on 
the cut edges, which will show not only whether the 
leaves are imbricate or valvate, but also, if they are 
imbricate, the particular mode of overlapping. In 
most cases, how r ever, a magnifying-glass is needed to 
show these details. 
EXERCISE XV. 
Winter Buds. 
The time to study winter buds is in early spring. 
At this season gather buds from all the trees and 
shrubs within your reach. 
Compare them with Figs. 93 and 94. 
Choose a swollen bud, and cut through it, as shown 
in Fig. 95. Can you find in it the parts there shown? 
Bud-Scales. —The covering of winter buds, Figs. 
93, 94. 
Growing-Point. —The soft extremity of the stem 
at the center of the bud, and inclosed in the young 
unexpanded leaves and the bud-scales #, Fig. 95. 
Unexpanded Leaves are found in buds, as seen 
in Fig. 95. 
Are any of your buds without a protective cover¬ 
ing to the growing-point? 
Observe in each case whether the scales are mem- 
