CALIFORNIA Nff RREl^^O^FMLE S, CALIFORNIA 
use upon deciduous trees. In most districts of 
the State the Black-scale has hatched before 
the end of August, therefore September is a 
good time to apply this remedy. 
For Red Spider or Yellow Mite on 
Deciduous Trees 
Soon after the trees are in leaf in spring, 
and while they are damp with dew in the morn¬ 
ing, thoroughly dust them with sulphur. Use 
sulphur bellows, or, if the orchard is extensive, 
fix up a broadcast seeder on a wagon. With 
this arrangement an orchard can be treated 
very thoroughly and with dispatch. Infested 
orchards should be treated at least three times 
during the spring and early summer. 
For Flat-Headed Borers 
(Chrysobothris Femorata.) 
Guard the stems of trees from infection, by 
placing a shake or board on the south and west 
sides of the trees, which protects them from 
sunburn; or give a coating of whitewash con¬ 
taining some soap and sulphur. On removing 
a borer, smear the wound over with grafting 
wax. 
For Woolly Aphis 
As soon as they make their appearance on 
apple trees, take a stiff brush moistened in 
coal oil, which should be put in a shallow dish 
or milk-pan, pour only enough coal-oil in the 
receptacle to have it about one-quarter inch 
deep, sufficient only to moisten the ends of the 
brush, then brush over the Aphis. To protect 
the roots from it, place on the ground around 
the body of the tree, wood-ashes. For a two- 
year-old tree, one-half a shovelful, larger trees 
increase proportionately; for a large tree, place 
a bucketful; the winter rains that fall on the 
tree will run down same, leach the ashes and 
kill the Aphis on the roots. 
Bordeaux Mixture 
(For Curl Leaf, Shothole Fungus and Apple 
Scab.) 
1 his fungus is familiar to all orchardists, and 
is especially severe on some varieties of the 
peach more than on others. In the latest 
experiments, the following remedy (Professor 
Pierce’s formula) has proved the most effect¬ 
ual: 
Copper Sulphate (Bluestone) .. 5 lbs. 
Fresh lime . 5 lbs. 
Water.50 gals. 
Dissolve the Copper Sulphate (Bluestone) 
in a barrel containing 10 or 12 gallons of water. 
Slake the quicklime, and thin to a creamy 
whitewash. Pour the whitewash very slowly 
through a wire screen into the copper solution. 
Stir the mixture thoroughly, and add enough 
water to make 50 gallons in all. Stir occasion¬ 
ally while applying as a spray to the trees. 
In the preparation of the Bordeaux mixture 
it is necessary that the ingredients should be 
mixed in a wooden vessel. If an iron vat is 
used, the copper will go to the iron, and the 
effect of the spray is largely neutralized. Ap¬ 
ply the remedy cold and as soon after it is 
prepared as possible. Never allow it to stand 
overnight. 
For Codling Moth 
1st spray. As soon as possible after blossoms 
have fallen. Bordeaux mixture (Bluestone 3 
lbs., lime 4 lbs., water 50 gallons) with 2*4 to 
3 lbs. of Arsenate of Lead added to each 50 
gallons. 
2d spray. First week in June. Arsenate of 
Lead 2 lbs., water 50 gallons. (No Bordeaux.) 
3d spray. About August 1st. Same as 2d. 
4th spray. Only required for such varieties 
as will remain on trees through September. 
Apply about September 1st. Arsenate of Lead 
1J4 lbs., water 50 gallons. 
If this schedule is thoroughly carried out, 
the codling-moth will be well controlled and 
the crop almost entirely free from “worms.” 
For Canker and Measuring-Worm 
Spray the infested trees with 1 lb. of Paris 
Green to 200 gallons of cold water. To pre¬ 
vent the Paris Green from injuring the leaves, 
dissolve 6 lbs. of fresh lime in water and add 
the latter to the solution. Keep the mixture 
constantly stirred while spraying. 
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